Write down an exchange economy model with two individuals and two goods, in which there is no consumption externality. State and explain the key assumptions of the model. Using the model, answer the following questions: (a) Explain carefully how the concept of Pareto efficiency differs from that of social welfare. (b) State the Second Theorem of Welfare Economics and explain carefully why it holds. What is the importance of the assumption of convex preferences to this theorem?

Write down an exchange economy model with two individuals and two goods, in which there is no consumption externality. State and explain the key assumptions of the model. Using the model, answer the following questions: (a) Explain carefully how the concept of Pareto efficiency differs from that of social welfare. (b) State the Second Theorem of Welfare Economics and explain carefully why it holds. What is the importance of the assumption of convex preferences to this theorem?

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter13: General Equilibrium And Welfare

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13.1P

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1. Write down an exchange economy model with two individuals and two goods, in whichthere is no consumption externality. State and explain the key assumptions of the model.Using the model, answer the following questions:(a) Explain carefully how the concept of Pareto efficiency differs from that of socialwelfare.(b) State the Second Theorem of Welfare Economics and explain carefully why it holds.What is the importance of the assumption of convex preferences to this theorem?(c) Explain the concept of the utility possibility frontier. What is the role of the utilitypossibility frontier in the social welfare maximization problem of a welfarist society?
3 Consider a pure exchange economy with 2 consumers and 2 goods. Consumer ? owns 8 units of good 1 and 1 unit of good 2, and his preference is represented by the following utility function: uA(x1, x2) = x1*x2. Consumer ? owns 2 units of good 1 and 4 units of good 2, and his preference is represented by the following utility function: uB(x1,x2)=x1+x2. Assume that the two consumers are allowed and able to trade with each other, and that good 1 is the numeraire. In this case, both consumers act as price-takers. Price takers: a market participant that is not able to dictate the prices in a market. Therefore, a price taker must accept the prevailing market price. Please find the competitive equilibrium of this pure exchange economy.
Consider a two-person exchange economy in which person 1 owns 200 units of x and 100 units of y while person 2 owns 100 units of x and 200 units y. Suppose their preferences over the two goods can be represented as: U1 (x, y) = y + 50Inx U2 (x, y) = y + 150lnx 1. How much of x do they trade among each other? 2. Does the First Welfare Theorem (FWT) hold in this economy? 3. Can some individuals be made better off if we are at the Pareto efficient allocation?
Q.4. Do you think that the pure market economy in these circumstance of COVID 19 play an effective role in economy? Give four evidences from your point of view.
Consider a two-person exchange economy in which person 1 owns 200 units of x and 100 units of y while person 2 owns 100 units of x and 200 units y. Suppose their preferences over the two goods can be represented as: U1 (x, y) = y + 50Inx U2 (x, y) = y + 150lnx 1. How much of x do they trade among each other? 2. Does the First Welfare Theorem (FWT) hold in this economy?
How would you demonstrate part b) diagramatically 6. Assume you can work as many hours you wish at £12 per hour (net of tax). If you do not work, you have no income. You have no ability to borrow or lend, so your consumption, c, is simply equal to your income. a) Derive and plot the feasible set, between daily values of consumption c, and “leisure”, l. Label the values at the intercepts (the points where the feasible frontier cuts the two axes). b) Assume that your optimal choice of consumption and leisure is to work 8 hours per day. Illustrate this choice diagrammatically using the feasible set and indifference curves.
Suppose there was a debate regarding how to spend $1 billion in newly found revenues in the budget. Suppose the most liberal Democrat suggests an increase to Food Stamp (SNAP) allotments. Suppose the most conservative Republican suggests an increase in defense spending. The Republican says that, on average, military spending does the most good, so more is better. The Democrat is arguing that the extra food purchased by the extra spending will increase well-being the most. What is going on here? A . Both are employing marginal analysis, just from different perspectives. B. Only the Democrat is using marginal analysis. C. Only the Republican is using marginal analysis. D. Neither are using marginal analysis.
5. Consider an exchange economy with 2 agents and 2 goods. a) In an Edgeworth-Bowley diagram, show and illustrate that if both agents have the same preferences, the contract curve is a straight line from the bottom left-hand corner to the top right-hand corner. Explain. b) Does it follow that if the agents do not have the same preferences, the contract curve is not a straight line? Explain. c) Suppose the two agents have the same endowments and the same preferences. Is mutually beneficial trade possible? Illustrate in an Edgeworth Bowley diagram. Explain.
why is the market for recycled aluminium good and the market for plastic bad in the US? Depict this with a firm input choice model. I understand that recycled plastic decreases in qualiy everytime it is recycled while aluminium does not and can be recylced without the decrease in quality, but I dont know how to depict this graphically
Remember to illustrate diagramatically for some of these parts! 6. Assume you can work as many hours you wish at £12 per hour (net of tax). If you do not work, you have no income. You have no ability to borrow or lend, so your consumption, c, is simply equal to your income. a) Derive and plot the feasible set, between daily values of consumption c, and “leisure”, l. Label the values at the intercepts (the points where the feasible frontier cuts the two axes). b) Assume that your optimal choice of consumption and leisure is to work 8 hours per day. Illustrate this choice diagrammatically using the feasible set and indifference curves. c) Use indifference curves and the feasible set to show why, given the properties of the optimal choice in part b), it is not optimal to work, say, 10, or 6 hours per day. d) Now assume that you receive an income of £140 per week from an unknown benefactor. Show the impact on your feasible set, and show a new optimal choice in which consumption increases…
Please answer all parts it would mean alot. For the rest of this question consider a two goods economy where Kim and Jung can trade Ferraris (good x) and VR headsets (good y) with each other. Kim and Jung both enjoy driving Ferraris and having more VR headsets (so more friends can play the same game). They start at the same (high) level of income. Kim has an initial endowment of (x0k, y0k) = (10,30) and Jung has an initial endowment of (x0j, y0j) = (30,10) a) Illustrate the initial endowment in an Edgeworth box. Clearly label the axes and explain the dimensions of the box. Show the indifference curve each of them is on at the endowment point. b) Consider an allocation where Kim gets (xk, yk) = (40,40) and Jung gets the remaining Ferraris and VR headsets. Show where this point is in the Edgeworth box. Is this allocation Pareto efficient? Is it equitable? How likely is this to arise in practice? c) Assume that Kim has preferences Uk (Xk, Yk) = 3Xk + 3Yk and Jung has…
3.a. State and explain the First Theorem of Welfare Economics and discuss its economicimplications and significance.b. State and explain the Second Theorem of Welfare Economics and discuss its economicimplications and significance.c. Explain the concept of production possibility frontier and interpret the slope of theproduction possibility frontier in economic terms.