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The triiodomethane (iodoform) reaction can be used to identify the presence of secondary alcohols. Iodine solution is added to a small amount of an alcohol, followed by just enough sodium hydroxide solution to remove the color of the iodine. If nothing happens in the cold, it may be necessary to warm the mixture very gently. A positive result is the appearance of a very pale yellow precipitate of triiodomethane (previously known as iodoform): CHI3, which apart from its color, can also be recognized by its faintly "medical" smell. It is used as an antiseptic on the sort of sticky plasters you put on minor cuts.
**Explain the mechanism of iodoform reaction in an assumption that the iodine/sodium hydroxide solution was used for the reaction. Provide a figure or schematic diagram for the complete detailed flow of reaction.
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- Refer to the following isolated scenarios during a UV/Vis experimental study on the acetic acid—m- xylene binary liquid-vapor equilibrium. While preparing/analyzing a mixture: m-xylene was contaminated with benzene, a more volatile substance with similar λmax. Vial used to prepare the mixture had traces of benzoic acid crystals. Cotton balls were wet with 10 drops of pure toluene instead of eight. When looking up data from the handbook, P* for p-xylene was mistakenly recorded instead of m-xylene. The recorded temperature was 25 °C but due to an undocumented AC failure, fell to 22 °C during the experiment. Acetic acid was contaminated with water. m-xylene was contaminated with ethylene, a very volatile substance with a single absorbance peak around 180 nm. Which individual scenarios would result in LOWER calculated experimental Ptotal values for the mixture? A. 1, 3, and 5 B. 3, 5, and 7 C. 2, 3, 4, and 5 D. 2, 5, 6, and 7Sn1 reaction in five sentences or less discuss how your product mixture is separated from all reactant and byproducts starting with the desired products and four other components present in the mixture. Begin by indicating how the first component is separated from the others and how the solubility of one compound versus the others in the solvent played a major role in this separation.Based on the reaction mechanism of the following reaction, provide an explanation for the role of concentrated HCl in the work-up process(it plays more than one role)
- 1. Explain why it is important to keep water out of this reaction. What would happen if water got into the reaction mixture? (Note: A small amount of KOH was also added to this reaction). 2. You may have noticed that the reaction was perform at a temperature (85 degrees celsius in a 35 mL microwave reaction vessel) that was higher than the boiling point of methanol (64.7 degrees celsius), how is this possible?A task is assigned to an undergraduate student to test two samples (known as compounds K and L) in the laboratory. She placed these two compounds through various scientific tests. She discovered that these compounds have the same molecular formula, C8H8O. When treated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, all of these compounds produce brightly coloured precipitate, and both are reduced to an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H10O. However, compound K can be easily oxidized by chromic acid to formed compound N and vice versa for compound L. Furthermore, when both compounds reach with Fehling's solutions, they produce negative results. However, only compound K forms a silver mirror when it reacts with Tollen's reagent, and compound L does not. Identify the possible formulae for compounds K, L, and N by ignoring their possible isomerism. Indicate the formation of compound N from compound K. Predict the chemical reaction that occurs when compound L reacts with…Phenol reacts with three equivalents of bromine in CCl4 (in the dark) to give a product of formula C6H3OBr3. When thisproduct is added to bromine water, a yellow solid of molecular formula C6H2OBr4 precipitates out of the solution. The IRspectrum of the yellow precipitate shows a strong absorption (much like that of a quinone) around 1680 cm-1. Proposestructures for the two products
- Your own words, explain in detail the process of Freeze-Drying and Freeze-Substitution in Reagents used in the processGive the order of reactivity of carboxylic acid and its derivatives. What is thesignificance of this order of reactivity in predicting their interconversions?Grignard reaction: Explain in detail the percent yield and theoretical yield for the following: - initial mass bromobenzene: 7.53g - initial mass magnesium turnings: 1.06g - initial mass methyl benzoate: 2.44g - crude mass triphenylmethanol: 5.43g How can you find pure triphenylmethanol from the crude mixture obtained?
- You are employed as a coop student at the Drug and Alcohol Testing Association of Canada (DATAC) developing analytical tests for sports doping agents. You are asked to prepare a procedure for the extraction of methylphenidate, the active compound in Ritalin, from urine samples (consider them as simple aqueous layers, you do not need to consider other components!). The goal of the procedure is to extract the methylphenidate into an organic layer which will then be evaporated, and the residue will be tested for the drug.You find that methylphenidate is highly soluble in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, a bio-renewable solvent. Draw the structure of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and give two reasons why it is a good solvent choice for liquid-liquid extraction.You are employed as a coop student at the Drug and Alcohol Testing Association of Canada (DATAC) developing analytical tests for sports doping agents. You are asked to prepare a procedure for the extraction of methylphenidate, the active compound in Ritalin, from urine samples (consider them as simple aqueous layers, you do not need to consider other components!). The goal of the procedure is to extract the methylphenidate into an organic layer which will then be evaporated, and the residue will be tested for the drug.Your colleague is helping you develop the urine test. They suggest that the urine should be adjusted to a pH above 7 before extracting with the organic solvent. Why is this necessary? Support your explanation with a full arrow-pushing mechanism for the reaction that would occur if the pH was below 7. Include all formal charges, intermediates (if applicable) and products.When butanoic acid (7.0 mL) is dissolved in methanol (20 mL) and heated with a catalytic amount of concentrated sulfuric acid, methyl butanoate (6.5 mL) is isolated. Calculate the per cent yield for the formation of this product. (Use a mole for the process)
