Explain the nonhomologous end joining ?

Q: Identify the parts (A, B, C, D) of the chromosome below. B A

A: Answer: A = Chromatids  B = Centromere C = Kinetochore  D = Kinetochore microtubules  It is the…

Q: describe what is CNVCopy number variant?

A: The human genome consists of 6 billion chemical bases or nucleotides of DNA packed into two sets of…

Q: Arugue the pros and cons having a nucleoid.

A: Nucleus is an organelle present in a cell that houses the genetic material, DNA or RNA. It is the…

Q: How does non homologous end joining work?

A: Double-stranded DNA breaks are repaired by several mechanisms. These repair pathways join the broken…

Q: describe the Chromosomal rearrangements caused by TEs

A: Transposable elements (TE) or transposons are segments of DNA that can move around the genome.  It…

Q: Give a reason for the discontinuous synthesis of DNA on one of the parental strands?

A: DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule that is the genetic material in most…

Q: Explain the two major mechanisms by whichchromosomal rearrangements take place.

A: The breaking and reassembling of chromosomal segments accompanying evolution that can occur within…

Q: explain partial tetrasomy 14

A: Tetrasomy is defined as a condition of aneuploidy, in which there are four copies of a particular…

Q: Diagrammatic representation of monohybrid cross?

A: Monohybrid cross is a cross between two parents with pair of contrasting characters. For this…

Q: Name the type of translocations and explain their mechanism of occurrence.

A: Translocations were discovered for the first time in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century…

Q: What are two nonhomologous chromosomes exchange parts?

A: Translocation is a type of chromosomal abnormality in which a chromosome breaks and a portion of it…

Q: Why does therecombination frequency ofgenes vary with the distancebetween them in thechromosome?

A: The genetic material exchange between the two homologous chromosomes and that produces recombinant…

Q: What is the diagnostic test for linkage?

A: Chromosomes are the condensed form of DNA that carry all the genes.  Genes are represented in the…

Q: Explain the consequences of a translocation or an inversion.

A: Translocation: In this, a part of the chromosome is broken and may be joined with non homologous…

Q: Can (1) chain and (2) ring structural abberations still lead to fertile gametes? explain

A: Abberations indicates the genetic material which should be DNA . The DNA transfer the information…

Q: Name the disorder with choromosome compliment 22 pairs of autosomes +XXY?

A: Abnormalities of the Chromosome can be numerical or structural. A numerical abnormality means an…

Q: Why are inversions and reciprocal translocations less likely to belethal than are aneuploidy,…

A: Every living species have two types of cells, somatic cells (diploid) which are responsible for…

Q: Robertsonian translocation is  balanced or unbalanced?

A: "Robertsonian translocation" is a type of translocational chromosomal aberration in which…

Q: Define reciprocal translocation

A: Chromosomal rearrangement is a mutation, which is a type of chromosomal abnormality that involves…

Q: What DNA sequence feature is required for a G-quadruplex to form?

A: G-quadruplex formed are formed in telomeric sequences which are highly polymorphic. A four repeat…

Q: what is  a reductional division.?

A: Introduction  Cytology deals with the study of cell such as cell morphology, physiology etc. As we…

Q: What type of chromosomal rearrangement occurs o Crossovers between repeats of the same sequence at…

A: Chromosomal rearrangement is a type of mutation which can cause abnormality in the structure of…

Q: name the Extrachromosomal elements?

A: Chromosomes are thread-like structure, which are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and…

Q: Explain, the main difference between reciprocal and Robertson translocations

A: Reciprocal translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by exchange of parts between…

Q: What is the difference between reciprocal and nonreciprocal translocation?

A: A type of chromosomal rearrangement like inter-chromosomal or intra-chromosomal is known as…

Q: Under what circumstances could nonhomologous endjoining be said to be error prone?

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA…

Q: why The chromatids formedby recombination within the inversion loop of a paracentric…

A: When the region between two breaks of the same chromosome rotate 180°, it results in chromosomal…

Q: Explain why a translocation cross occurs during metaphase ofmeiosis I when a cell contains a…

A: The unusual rearrangement of the chromosomes is more specifically known as the chromosomal…

Q: explain Pseudolinkage in translocation heterozygotes

A: A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that codes for a specific functioning molecule. There…

Q: Where the information for Poly A tail is present?

A: Poly-A tail on a stretch of RNA only has adenine bases at one end. The poly-A tail prevents the…

Q: What is nonhomologous recombination?

A: Chromosomes are long thread-like structures that carry coded genetic information in the form of DNA.…

Q: Define reciprocal translocations

A: In nucleus of a cell – DNA is present in form of chromosomes. These are compact structure of DNA…

Q: What is the difference between a paracentric and a pericentric inversion?

A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures situated inside the nucleus of plant and animal cells. Each…

Q: ain the term is Euploidy?

A: Almost every cell in our body has twenty-three pairs of chromosomes, for a complete of forty-six…

Q: What is a sex pilus and which cell type, F- or F+,would produce this structure?

A: The transfer of the genetic material from one bacterium to another through direct contact is termed…

Q: Chromosomal RearrangementsAre Caused by which factors?

A: Chromosomal rearrangement is a mutation that involves the change in the structure of the native…

Q: Define reciprocal translocation and discuss whensuch rearrangements may have phenotypicconsequences

A: I genetics, a chromosome translocation is a chromosomal abnormality where the part of  chromosome…

Q: Explain two mechanisms that result in reciprocal translocations?

A: The event of translocation is characterized by the abnormal/unusual arrangement of the chromosomes…

Q: What is the nucleous for?

A: Given : The nucleolus for.

Q: Why is a chromosomal fragment without a centromeresubsequently lost and degraded?

A: The changes in the structure of the chromosome and genes are called chromosomal mutations. The…

Q: Which protein, found in virtually all cells, facilitates the pairingrequired for homologous…

A: HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION- In this type of genetic recombination process, the exchange of information…

Q: State the genetic consequences of reciprocal translocations ?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a type of nucleic acid present in the nucleus of the cell. It is a…

Q: what is the purpose of the nucleous ? - define diploid

A: In biology, a cell is a membrane-bound unit that holds the basic molecules of life and is made up of…

Q: What is a contig? Explain how you would determine that two clones in a contig are overlapping.

A: A contig is defined as the set of overlapping segments of DNA which are used to make it easier to…

Q: What chromosome is ABl on?

A: Genetics is the branch of biology which deals with genes, heredity, and genome in the organism.…

Q: Explain two ways that a chromosomal rearrangement can cause a position effect.

A: Genes are the units of heredity that are transmitted through generations. Genes contain the genetic…

Oogenesis

The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase. 

Cell Division

Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons: