Explain the structure of protective system in detail with necessary diagram ?

Q: Differentiate between the three lines of defense, describingexamples of each.

A: Immunity is defined as the balanced state of all multicellular organisms that are characterized by…

Q: Complement proteins in the blood can Activate phagocytic feeding Attract leukocytes to the area of…

A: The immune system protects the body from infections.

Q: Explain the cytokine storm.

A: A cell is the smallest basic structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are…

Q: List the 3 acellular particles that invade cells

A: Acellular particles not made up of cells or divided into cells.

Q: Explain the use of tPAs (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)

A: Ischemic stroke is an acute and fatal condition in which a clot obstructs the vessel carrying…

Q: Give 3 examples of barriers that make up the First Line of Defense. Describe how each one functions…

A: The first line of defense consists of the surface barriers which block the initial entry of…

Q: Microbiology-Discuss the various ways by which antibodies interact with antigen and facilitate…

A: The different types of interactions that mediate the destruction or inhibition of antigen are as…

Q: Draw and illustrate how latex agglutination works to bind to ASO and form agglutinates

A: Agglutination Test -- Tests are regarded as screening tests .There are many tests based on the…

Q: Explain briefly the mechanism behind the clumping of blood after the addition of anti-sera

A: ABO system  Blood group A : antigen A and anti-B antibody  Blood group B : antigen B and anti-A…

Q: Explain how a capsule can allow an organism to be serum resistant and avoid phagocytosis.

A: Alternative pathway involves the C3b activation, which include the antibody-mediated immune…

Q: What happens when there is a failure to protect at a portal of entry?

A: Portals are the entry sites of pathogens into the body through which they take entry inside the…

Q: Two antibodies, one is IgM and the other is IgG, both can bind to the same epitope. Which of the…

A: IgM and IgG are two very important antibodies. IgM is the first antibody to appear in response to…

Q: Smallpox has been widely reported as a possible bioterror weapon. Given what you know about the…

A: Smallpox virus could be act as an bioterror weapon and it is said that in second world war it is…

Q: Describe the process of desensitization that reduces the IgE response to an allergen.

A: The term "desensitization" refers to an immunological procedure that involves producing specific…

Q: Explain the two main features that characterize the third line of host defense mechanisms.

A: Introduction: The immune system is a complex network of immune cells and proteins that work together…

Q: Describe transferrins and dendritic cells in fighting off infection

A:

Q: 1. List and describe 4 examples of barrier defenses.

A: Introduction  Natural barriers and the immune system protect the body against infection-causing…

Q: Detail how innate defense differs from adaptive defense

A: The innate immune system is the non-specific, non-pathogen-induced immune system present in the body…

Q: Diagram the host cell receptors that distinguish self from nonself

A:

Q: When antibody marks an invader so the macrophages can find it more easily to efficiently destroy the…

A: The ability of the body to fight against pathogens is called immunity.. T lymphocytes provide…

Q: Which line of defense includes low temperature that inhibits the growth of bacteria?

A: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM is a complicated network of cells that is usually defined to state that they are…

Q: Complement components and the C-reactive protein are some of the acute phase reactants. Aside from…

A: Acute phase proteins are group of that plasma proteins which are produced in liver and functions to…

Q: Explain the steps in the alternative complement pathway at a single site.

A: Complement is a component of the innate immune system that plays a role in leukocyte opsonization,…

Q: Describe the mechanism used by Tc cells to recognize infectedhost cells.

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. Cells involved in immune functions are known as…

Q: Explain how pyrogens help fight an infection.

A: Bacteria are microscopic organisms which belong to prokaryote because these are unicellular…

Q: suppose than individual's arm is cut, and because of this injury, bacteria are able to gain entry to…

A: When it comes to protecting the body then immune system is the system that acts as defense mechanism…

Q: What is a vector?  What is a zoonotic pathogen?  Example? (ha!)

A: Microbiology is a branch of biology that deals with the microorganism. Micro means small and ology…

Q: Life Cycle of E. histolytica

A: Entamoeba histolytica is an infectious parasite that infect humans with its infective stage called…

Q: Explain the role of normal defenses in preventingdisease

A: The immune system is the body's natural defense against disease-causing organisms such as bacteria,…

Q: for each stage of pethogens explain how pathogens do expose the host tissue (exposure), then how to…

A: EXPOSURE/CONTACT   An encounter with pathogen is known as exposure. Fr a pathogen to cause disease,…

Q: Diagram 10.2 shows defence mechanism P and Q which occur in the body to fight invading pathogens.…

A: Immunity is defined as the capacity of the body to resist pathogenic agents. The immune system is…

Q: Explain the difference between innate (nonspecific) defenses and adaptive (specific) defenses.

A: The body of higher organisms has the ability to fight back and defend itself against the destructive…

Q: Formation of coding joint during recombination event in the lymphocytes brings extra variability.

A: The immune system is a collection of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to give immunity…

Q: What is meant by resistant? Give the mechanism by which organisms develop resistance.

A: Antibiotics can be classified based on the mechanism of action. These functions include the…

Q: hich of the four major structural proteins, namely spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E), is the…

A: Details about Targets , frequency and durability of coronavirus vaccine is given below with…

Q: Describe several features of the recognition system of host defenses.

A: A complex network of proteins and cells that defends the body against infection is known as immune…

Q: Describe the events in sensitization and provocation.

A: Hypersensitivity is an inappropriate immunological response of the immune system that is harmful to…

Q: Explain the steps of inflammation and how they lead to the destruction of a pathogen

A: Inflammation is a local immune response produced by the cells towards the presence of any pathogenic…

Q: Briefly define the set of terms and explain how they relate to one another: MHC, HLA, Haplotype

A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…

Q: What is the role of complement proteins and anti-microbial substances in the line of defense?

A: Immunity is a complicated biological mechanism with the ability to recognize and accept whatever…

Q: For allograft transplantation: (a) How do doctors avoid hyperacute rejection?

A: Transplant rejection is the point at which the organ beneficiary's immune framework recognises the…

Q: write few things about various classes of immunoglobulins.

A: Humans and other advanced vertebrates have an immune system, which is a collection of defense…

Q: Explain the significance of opsonization.

A: Optimization is the process by which our body target pathogens by opsonin proteins like C3b . These…

Q: Explain why loading antibody on a gel shows two bands (heavy & light chain). ÁNSWER

A: western blotting- this technique is used for the identification of antibody and proteins the mixture…

Q: Briefly define the set of terms and explain how they relate to one another: Xenotransplant, MHC

A: Antigens are substances that activate the immune system of the body. Antibodies are antigen-binding…

Q: Explain the sensitization phenomenon

A: The nervous framework is a profoundly mind boggling part of a creature that facilitates its…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.