Briefly define the set of terms and explain how they relate to one another: Xenotransplant, MHC

Q: Describe the mechanisms by which microbes promote autoimmunity.

A: Autoimmunity is a situation in which an organism's immune system produces immunological responses…

Q: Describe the concepts behind the main types of immunoassays,and discuss their uses in diagnosis.

A: Immunoassay techniques allow rapid and accurate measurement or trace antigen and antibody. They use…

Q: Describe how biomarker tests differ from genetic tests and how biomarkers can serve as indicators of…

A: Introduction:- A genetic test is a type of health examination that looks for alterations in genes,…

Q: Define Inflammatory Response, Stress, Malignant, and Immunocompromised. Give each example.

A: An organism's immune system is a web of biological processes that defends it against illness. It can…

Q: Diagram an IgG molecule and label (a) the Fc region and (b) the areas that combine with antigen.

A: Glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells, in response to an antigen, is known as…

Q: Determine the immune system will evolve to not react foreign antigens if an allograft is…

A: The process of engrafting human cells, organs, and tissues from a matched donor onto a recipient in…

Q: Explain the structure of protective system in detail with necessary diagram ?

A: The mechanism of protection involves placing a barrier between the pathogen and the susceptible part…

Q: Explain briefly the mechanism behind the clumping of blood after the addition of anti-sera

A: ABO system  Blood group A : antigen A and anti-B antibody  Blood group B : antigen B and anti-A…

Q: Mention any four objectives of RCHC.

A: RCHC stands for reproductive and child health care. RCH programs aim at combating and reducing the…

Q: Explain how a capsule can allow an organism to be serum resistant and avoid phagocytosis.

A: Alternative pathway involves the C3b activation, which include the antibody-mediated immune…

Q: Explain the clonal selection theory of antibody specificity and diversity.

A: Introduction: The antibody is a protein secreted by the body to fight against the invasive pathogen…

Q: Explain the polymorphism and polygenism of MHC molecules.

A: The MHC (major histocompatibility complex) is a cluster of genes on chromosome 6 in the human with…

Q: Discuss the concept and importance of Herd Immunity.

A: Herd community is an important phenomenon that occurs when a large portion of the community or the…

Q: Describe the process of desensitization that reduces the IgE response to an allergen.

A: The term "desensitization" refers to an immunological procedure that involves producing specific…

Q: Define polymorphism and polygeny as they apply to MHC genes.

A: Genes are the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. They carry coded genetic information…

Q: a) Role of HLA genes in immunology in detail?

A: The study of the immune system, an important part of medical and biological science, is called…

Q: Explain the role of leukocidins in immune evasion, allowing microbes to become established.

A: Leucocidin is secreted by some Staphylococcus strains. It is a type of cytotoxin. It can form pores…

Q: Using an appropriate example, explain autoimmunity.

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Explain the relationship between a hypersensitivityreaction and an immune response.

A: Hypersensitivity : These are overreactions of the immune system to an antigen which would not…

Q: In clonal selection, “who” does the selecting? What is being selected?

A: Immunology is an important branch of biology which include the study of immunity of different…

Q: Define marker, and discuss its importance in the second and third lines of defense.

A: Answer: Introduction: Cell markers are cooperative supplies required to recognize a precise immune…

Q: Describe the concept of an antigen and how it relates to self and nonself markers.

A: An antigen is any substance that causes the  immune system to produce antibodies against it .  An…

Q: Which is an example of chemotaxis? the attachment of phagocytes to a microorganism by binding to…

A: Introduction  A reaction that takes place within an organism with the goal of protecting it from…

Q: Long time exposure of red blood cells to hypotonic solutions may lead to Select one: O a.…

A: A hypotonic solution is a solution with low solute concentration inside the cell (hypo in latin…

Q: Explain whether the antibody diversity is generated at the DNA or RNA level.

A: The immune system is a sophisticated biological system that can recognise and accept self-cells…

Q: Explain the role of normal defenses in preventingdisease

A: The immune system is the body's natural defense against disease-causing organisms such as bacteria,…

Q: How Antibiotic resistance will develop? Give one example ?Use your own words to explain?

A: Antibiotics are the chemical substances that used to stop or destroy the activity of various micro…

Q: Formation of coding joint during recombination event in the lymphocytes brings extra variability.

A: The immune system is a collection of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to give immunity…

Q: Describe the major events in the origin of diversity of the immunesystem and features of the clonal…

A: The adaptive immune system (AIS) in warm blooded creatures, which is focused on lymphocytes bearing…

Q: role of the innate immune system in initiating the acquired immune response.

A: Innate and acquired immunity Immunity is the ability of the body to fight diseases. Innate immunity…

Q: explain or describe the principle of immunoturbidimetric C3 Assay.

A: Immunoturbidimetric: A technique that calculates the absorbance of light from an example which is…

Q: Which molecules function as chemical signals between cells and stimulate a wide range of nonspecific…

A: Immune system of our body fights with different foreign antigens and help us to protect ourselves…

Q: Describe three examples of how antibodies are used as reagents in cell biology and molecular…

A: An antibody is the soluble form of the B lymphocyte antigen receptor, and antibodies are made by…

Q: explain the comparison and contrast of the immune systems between plants and animals.

A: Introduction The immune system of a body works to prevent the entry of probable…

Q: Describe the uniqueness of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and its function in immune…

A: The immune system involves a group of various biological structures and processes, present within an…

Q: Briefly define the set of terms and explain how they relate to one another: MHC, HLA, Haplotype

A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…

Q: Which of the following is a type of Immune Treatment gained from recombinant technology? Factor VIII…

A: Introduction Recombinant DNA technology involves a series of procedures or techniques that are used…

Q: Describe the main activities of cell-mediated immunities.

A: T cells are one of the most important white blood cells in the immune system, and they play a…

Q: Explain the haplotypes of MHC molecules

A: Major Histocompatibility Complex --( MHC )--MHC is a large locus on DNA specially in Vertebrates…

Q: Differentiate the immune system of plants and animals.

A: Immunity is the tendency of the body to protect itself from foreign organisms or substances. The…

Q: Outline the main activities of cell-mediated immunities.

A: The immune system is also known as a defense system because of its help to protect our body from…

Q: Explain the significance of opsonization.

A: Optimization is the process by which our body target pathogens by opsonin proteins like C3b . These…

Q: Outline the localization of B and T cells during development

A: The development of lymphocytes is considered a very complex phenomenon in which there occurs a…

Q: Name and in a brief describe the process by which immunological diversity is generated.

A: The ability of multicellular creatures to withstand dangerous germs is referred to as immunity.…

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