Explain what PRRs and TLRsare and the nature of theirinteraction with PAMPs.

Q: Compare the changes and effects of a strain and asubluxation.

A: Bones are the structures that make up the skeletal system of our body, starting from the skull to…

Q: Describe the pathogenesis and the morphologic (gross and microscopic) changes in phenytoin induced…

A: Note: According to bartleby guidelines only first question is to be answered. So please upload other…

Q: Identify three other methods commonly used to visualize lipids on a TLC plate. Specify the type or…

A: Thin-layer chromatography is a technique that is used for the separation and identification of…

Q: State the purpose of using H2SO4, NaHCO3 and HCl in the synthesis of aspirin.

A: Aspirin is an everyday painkiller for aches and pains such as headaches, toothaches and period pain.…

Q: What is the etiologicalagent of amebiasis? How is ittransmitted and what are thetypical…

A: The disease causing microorganisms like bacteria, virus, fungus, protozoa, helminths are called…

Q: Explain the various process of ensiling

A: The preservation of food materials is important for meeting the demands in future times. The…

Q: Explain the structure of protective system in detail with necessary diagram ?

A: The mechanism of protection involves placing a barrier between the pathogen and the susceptible part…

Q: Explain the mechanism of action of allopurinol in treating primary gout.

A: The decreased production of uric acid by inhibiting the biochemical reactions that will result in…

Q: What is hygromycin-resistance gene ?

A: Hygromycin resistance gene is a kinase gene that produces antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces…

Q: In serum preparation, Explain the importance of maintaining the tubes in upright position during…

A: Serum is defined as the liquid component of the blood . It is the portion of the blood which is…

Q: What mechanism do Tc cells use to identify anddestroy infected cells in the body? How do Th cells…

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. Cells involved in immune functions are known as…

Q: sh and give 1 intervention on the identified prm

A: The nursing interventions are the actions or procedures performed by the nurse as a part of the…

Q: Describe activity of the cambial ring?

A: Secondary growth is the result of division and growth in lateral meristem, which is also called…

Q: How can the immunememory lead to the efficacy ofvaccines and also produceallergies?

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to prevent the entry of harmful microbes in the…

Q: Define agglutinogen

A: Agglutination is the process that occurs if an antigen is mixed with its corresponding antibody…

Q: What is the rationale behind the use of HAART treatment?

A: HAART stands for “highly active antiretroviral therapy” which is a combination of multiple drugs…

Q: .Describe the first pass effect and explain how it influences the ADME for a topical skin ointment…

A: The first-pass-effect: The first-pass-effect is a drug metabolism phenomenon whereby medications are…

Q: Which action is appropriate in prescribing “Trastuzumab”: the doctor or the clinical pharmacist?…

A: The drugs are classified on the basis of whether it can be prescribed by the doctor or by the…

Q: Explain the effects of azathioprine, corticosteroids and cyclosporine A and their combined effects.…

A: . From these reports, it appears that in severe acute ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease…

Q: State differences between SER & RER?

A: The cells are the basic building blocks of the living system. It consists of many internal…

Q: Give reason for success of mendal?

A: Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with the study of genome of an organism and its gene…

Q: What are the essential information that we must include in the dispensing lebel?

A: Labelling is an important process in the preparation and distribution of a pharmaceutical…

Q: Explain why healing could be delayed in individuals takingglucocorticoids over a long period of…

A: Glucocorticoids are a type of steroid hormone that belongs to the corticosteroids family.…

Q: Which aseptic technique is crucial and which is cost effective

A: Aseptic technique refers to using practices and procedures to prevent contamination from pathogens.…

Q: Discuss the difference between Total Lipase activity and Pancreat Immunoreactivity measurement from…

A: Lipase is found in the serous glands of the tongue in the form of zymogen granules in humans. In the…

Q: Describe mechanisms of penicillin resistance

A: Penicillin is the first antibiotic drug used by scientists. It destroys several infections and…

Q: State the function of leydig's cells.

A: Reproductive system or genital system is used for the sexual reproduction. Testes are a part of male…

Q: Identify the molecular mediators of inflammation and fever anddefine their individual roles

A: Introduction: Substances that possess the ability to initiate and control the inflammatory reactions…

Q: What are the main availablevaccines againstpoliomyelitis?

A: Vaccines play an essential role in prevention of diseases. A vaccine includes substances that…

Q: complementary interaction and suppression epistasis? Explain in details

A: It is an interaction between two gene which when have their dominant alleles together produced the…

Q: Explain BCR (membrane bound IgM and membrane bound IgD).

A: A constantly circulating fluid providing the body with nutrition, oxygen, and waste removal is…

Q: How and Why aseptic technique are crucial? Which aseptic technique are cost effective and easy to…

A: introduction A procedure performed under hygienic, sterile conditions is referred as an aseptic…

Q: Defi ne sterilant, and name the principal sporicidal chemical agents.

A: Sterilant- An agent used to destroy microorganisms.

Q: Describe the major characteristics and actions of antihistamines. What is a difference between first…

A: Drugs are substances that help to alleviate the symptoms caused by the medical condition. There are…

Q: Enuresis is considered as a symptom of what?

A: Elimination disorder It means disorder associated with urination or defication.  Types: Retentive or…

Q: Suggest a mode of action for fluorouracil in cancerchemotherapy.

A: Interpretation: The mode of action for fluorouracil in cancer chemotherapy is to be   suggested.…

Q: Identify the conditions in which effervescent tablet can be tested for friability.

A: Answer

Q: Describe the mechanism by which interferon acts as an antiviralcompound.

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of the organism to resist against infections or diseases by…

Q: Describe the phagocytic function of mesangial cells.

A: Mesangial cells are specialty cells in the renal components of the glomerulus mesangium. They…

Q: Flonase NS #1 ii sprays in each nostril QD. How many days will the medication last?

A: Fluticasone is steroid drug which is used in asthma and to relieve symptoms of rhinitis  such as…

Q: Which HDAC inhibitors are used as anticancer agents?

A: Histone deacetylase(HDAC)  Inhibitors are a class of anti cancer agents that induces apoptosis…

Q: Explain several ways by which the treatment of cancer by che-motherapy may temporarily create…

A: Chemotherapy is for treatment of cancer patients. chemotherapy drugs are generally act on the cells…

Q: ncompasses t

A: Dispensing is defined as the process of supplying and releasing drugs the final product for…

Q: Explain why it is often advisable to elevate an inflamedlimb.

A: Inflammation is known as a protective reaction to an injury, disease or damage, or irritation of…

Q: What are the two groups ofdefense mechanisms of thebody against foreign orharmful agents? What is…

A: The ability or potential of an organism or individual to withstand a particular infection or toxin…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.