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- The following experimental data were obtained for the reaction of \'I14* and NOf in acidic solution. NH/(aq) + NO2-(aq) — N;(g) + 2 H,O(f) INH/I (mol L1) [NO21 (mol L-1, Rate = A[NJ/At (mol L-1 s’) 0.0092 0.098 3.33 X IO"7 0.0092 0.049 1.66 X 10‘7 0.0488 0.196 3.51 X 10"6 0.0249 0.196 1.80 X 10-6 Determine the rate law for this reaction and calculate the rate constant.Define stability from both a kinetic and thermodynamic perspective. Give examples to show the differences in these concepts.Consider the reaction Mn+ + ne- ⇌ M. If ΔG*c = ΔG* + (1-α)nFE and η = E – Eeq, prove that ic = io exp[-(1-α)nFηa)/RT)].
- In biological systems, acetate ion is converted to ethyl alcohol as follows: CH3COO–(aq) + 3 H+(aq) + 2e– ----> CH3CHO(aq) + H2O E° = –0.581 V CH3CHO (aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2e– ------> C2H5OH(aq E° = –0.197 V Find E° and ∆G° for the overall process.Consider the reaction between bromine and chlorine gases to form bromochloride: Br2(g)+Cl2(g)⇌2BrCl(g), Kc=1.11×10−4Br2(g)+Cl2(g)⇌2BrCl(g), Kc=1.11×10−4 at 150K150K A reaction vessel contains 0.20M Br20.20M Br2, 0.35M0.35M Cl2Cl2, and 3.0×10−3M BrCl3.0×10−3M BrCl. Calculate the reaction quotient, QQ, and determine in which direction the reaction proceeds to reach equilibrium. View Available Hint(s) Consider the reaction between bromine and chlorine gases to form bromochloride: at A reaction vessel contains , , and . Calculate the reaction quotient, , and determine in which direction the reaction proceeds to reach equilibrium. a. 4.3×10–24.3×10–2, the reaction system proceeds to the left b. 1.1×10–41.1×10–4, the reaction system is at equilibrium c. 1.3×10−41.3×10−4, the reaction system proceeds to the left d. 1.3×10–41.3×10–4, the reaction system proceeds to the rightCatalyst is described as any substance that increases the rate of a reaction without itself being consumed. Give a modern and recent application of a catalyst used in a chemical reaction. a ) the commercial or trade name of the catalyst b ) the properties of the catalyst (e.g., shape, size, colour, price). c ) the advantages and the disadvantages of the chosen catalyst. d )catalytic reaction (e.g., the reactant, product, reaction equation, phase, selectivity, promoter, catalyst support, operating temperature & pressure).
- Consider the reaction : 3A + 2B → 4C Initially, and at some fixed temperature, the reaction proceeds at such a rate that 2.3 millimoles of A are consumed in 1 minute and 12 secondes. The reaction takes place in 1 L. The following table contains the experimental data for the reaction. (Taken from Ball. Physical Chemistry, 2nd edition, 2006) Rate (M/s) [A], M [B], M 1.081 x 10-5 0.660 1.23 6.577 x 10-5 4.01 1.23 6.568 x 10-5 4.01 2.25 d. What is the order of the reaction. e. Express the rate law and the integrated form equation. Is the reaction elementary? f. If the rate constant k = 1.61x10-5s-1 and [A0] = 4M, find the period of time between the 12th and 13th half-life. *g. If, for the same reaction, at the same temperature, we were to add a catalyst, would Ea, A, k and v be larger, smaller or equal? Explain.Consider the reaction : 3A + 2B → 4C Initially, and at some fixed temperature, the reaction proceeds at such a rate that 2.3 millimoles of A are consumed in 1 minute and 12 secondes. The reaction takes place in 1 L. The following table contains the experimental data for the reaction. (Taken from Ball. Physical Chemistry, 2nd edition, 2006) Rate (M/s) [A], M [B], M 1.081 x 10-5 0.660 1.23 6.577 x 10-5 4.01 1.23 6.568 x 10-5 4.01 2.25 c. Determine the partial order on A. Partial order on B is 0. d. What is the order of the reaction.A stoichiometric mixture of CO(g) and H2(g) was allowed to react in two different 2.0L rigid containers at a constant temperature of 298K. The reaction is represented by the equation above. Diagram 1 represents the uncatalyzed reaction and diagram 2 represents the catalyzed reaction one hour after the reactants were mixed. Which of the following correctly explains the experimental results represented in the particle diagrams? A.) Although the reaction is thermodynamically favorable because ΔG°<0 based on the value of K, only the catalyzed reaction could proceed in one hour because its reactant molecules had a higher average kinetic energy. B.) Although the reaction is thermodynamically favorable because ΔG°<0 based on the value of K, only the catalyzed reaction could proceed in one hour because it has a lower activation-energy reaction pathway. C.) The reaction is not thermodynamically favorable because ΔG°>0 based on the value of K, but the addition of a catalyst improved the…
- A chemistry grad student measures the performance of the new pump in his lab. The result is: Z=19.1 kPa·mm3·s-1 conver Z to mJ·s-1UCI Chemistry researchers, Prof. F. Sherwood Rowland and Dr. Mario Molina werefirst to discovered in 1973 that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the Earth’sozone layer when released into the atmosphere. Once they reach the stratosphere, Clis released from the CFCs molecules by interaction with UV light. Free Cl atoms areable to react with ozone in a catalytic cycle that converts O3into the more stable O2.It is estimated that a single Cl atom is able to react with∼100000 O3molecules.Although CFCs production was banned in 1996, there are still a substantial numberof motor vehicle air conditioners (MVACs) that use CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) as refrigerant.The average CFC-12 emission rate from operating MVACs has been estimated tobe 59.5 mg per hour per vehicle (Zhang et al.Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.2017).How much chlorine, in kg, is added to the atmosphere in a year due to 100 millionMVACs using CFC-12 as refrigerant?The thermal decomposition of ozone in the gas phase is thought to proceed via the reactive intermediate, oxygen atom; overall: 2 O_3 --> 3 O_2. Mechanism: O_3 --> O_2 + O k_1 O + O_2 --> O_3 k_2 O + O_3 --> 2 O_2 k_3 Apply the steady-state approximation and obtain an expression for the rate of loss of ozone, d[O_3]/dt. You may assume that [O_2] is large and unchanging. (show all work)