F1 hybrid is obtained from the following cross: Parent 1: AB/AB; d/d; E/E Parent 2: ab/ab; D/D; e/e Assume that all genes are sorted independently except for genes A and B, which are tightly linked and show zero recombination. Following a testcross of F1, what proportion of the F2 progeny will be phenotypically like parent 1? O 1/8 O 1/4 O 9/64 O 1/16
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- Imagine that you are performing a cross involving seed texture in garden pea plants. You cross true-breeding round and wrinkled parents to obtain F1 offspring. Which of the following experimental results in terms of numbers of plants are closest to what you expect in the F2 progeny? a. 8lOroundseeds b. 8lOwrinkledseeds c. 405:395 round seeds:wrinkled seeds d. 610:190 round seeds:wrinkled seedsF1 hybrid is obtained from the following cross: Parent 1: AB/AB; d/d; E/E Parent 2: ab/ab; D/D; e/e Assume that all genes are sorted independently except for genes A and B, which are tightly linked and show zero recombination. Following a testcross of F1, what proportion of the F2 progeny will be phenotypically like parent 1? 1/4 1/16 1/32 9/64 1/8. A geneticist mapping the genes A, B, C, D, and E makestwo 3-point testcrosses. The first cross of pure lines isA/A ⋅ B/B ⋅ C/C ⋅ D/D ⋅ E/E × a/a ⋅ b/b ⋅ C/C ⋅ d/d ⋅ E/EThe geneticist crosses the F1 with a recessive tester andclassifies the progeny by the gametic contribution ofthe F1:A ⋅ B ⋅ C ⋅ D ⋅ E 316a ⋅ b ⋅ C ⋅ d ⋅ E 314A ⋅ B ⋅ C ⋅ d ⋅ E 31a ⋅ b ⋅ C ⋅ D ⋅ E 39A ⋅ b ⋅ C ⋅ d ⋅ E 130a ⋅ B ⋅ C ⋅ D ⋅ E 140A ⋅ b ⋅ C ⋅ D ⋅ E 17a ⋅ B ⋅ C ⋅ d ⋅ E 131000The second cross of pure lines is A/A • B/B • C/C • D/D •E/E × a/a • B/B • c/c • D/D • e/e.The geneticist crosses the F1 from this cross with arecessive tester and obtainsA ⋅ B ⋅ C ⋅ D ⋅ E 243a ⋅ B ⋅ c ⋅ D ⋅ e 237A ⋅ B ⋅ c ⋅ D ⋅ e 62a ⋅ B ⋅ C ⋅ D ⋅ E 58A ⋅ B ⋅ C ⋅ D ⋅ e 155a ⋅ B ⋅ c ⋅ D ⋅ E 165a ⋅ B ⋅ C ⋅ D ⋅ e 46A ⋅ B ⋅ c ⋅ D ⋅ E 341000The geneticist also knows that genes D and E assortindependently.a. Draw a map of these genes, showing distances inmap units wherever possible.b. Is there any evidence of interference?
- A three-point cross was conducted, 8500 progeny were evaluated, and the genetic map was determined to be:Gene J----3mu----Gene K-----5mu-----Gene LA total of 8 double cross-over progeny were identified among the 8,500 evaluated. What is the coefficient of coincidence?Three autosomal genes are linked along the same chromosome.The distance between gene A and B is 7 mu, the distance betweenB and C is 11 mu, and the distance between A and C is 4 mu. Anindividual that is AA bb CC was crossed to an individual that is aaBB cc to produce heterozygous F1 offspring. The F1 offspring werethen crossed to homozygous aa bb cc individuals to produce F2offspring.Where would a crossover have to occur to produce an F2 offspringthat was heterozygous for all three genes?. A true-breeding strain of Virginia tobacco has dominantalleles determining leaf morphology (M), leaf color(C), and leaf size (S). A Carolina strain is homozygousfor the recessive alleles of these three genes. Thesegenes are found on the same chromosome as follows:M C S6 m.u. 17 m.u.An F1 hybrid between the two strains is now backcrossedto the Carolina strain. Assuming no interference:a. What proportion of the backcross progeny willresemble the Virginia strain for all three traits?b. What proportion of the backcross progeny willresemble the Carolina strain for all three traits?c. What proportion of the backcross progeny will havethe leaf morphology and leaf size of the Virginiastrain but the leaf color of the Carolina strain?d. What proportion of the backcross progeny will havethe leaf morphology and leaf color of the Virginiastrain but the leaf size of the Carolina strain?
- In corn, we cross the pure line s t to the pure line u. It is known that the genes are linked in the order t s u. If the F1 is testcrossed, of the options given, which phenotypic class will have the lowest percentage? A.s u B.s C.tu D.s u t E. WTNicotiana glutinosa (2 n = 24) and N. tabacum (2 n = 48) are two closely related plants that can be intercrossed, but the F1 hybrid plants that result are usually sterile. In 1925, Roy Clausen and Thomas Goodspeed crossed N. glutinosa and N. tabacum and obtained one fertile F1 plant (R. E. Clausen and T. H. Goodspeed. 1925 Genetics 10:278– 284). They were able to self-pollinate the flowers of this plant to produce an F2 generation. Surprisingly, the F2 plants were fully fertile and produced viable seeds. When Clausen and Goodspeed examined the chromosomes of the F2 plants, they observed 36 pairs of chromosomes in metaphase I and 36 individual chromosomes in metaphase II. Explain the origin of the F2 plants obtained by Clausen and Goodspeed and the numbers of chromosomes observed.In tomatoes, regular leaves (L) are multilobed and serrated and potato leaves (l) are broad, smooth, and single (Image 1). Red fruit (F) is dominant to yellow fruit (f). A cross is carried out between two pure lines of tomato plants, one having regular leaves and red fruit and the other having potato leaves and yellow fruit. The F1 generation all have regular leaves and red fruit. The F1 individuals are then crossed with one another. Complete a Punnett square to determine the expected F2 progeny on the basis of Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment, which states that the alleles for one gene segregate independently of the alleles for other genes during gamete formation.
- We have dealt mainly with only two genes, but the sameprinciples hold for more than two genes. Consider thefollowing cross:A/a ; B/b ; C/c ; D/d ; E/e × a/a ; B/b ; c/c ; D/d ; e/ea. What proportion of progeny will phenotypicallyresemble (1) the first parent, (2) the second parent,(3) either parent, and (4) neither parent?b. What proportion of progeny will be genotypically thesame as (1) the first parent, (2) the second parent,(3) either parent, and (4) neither parent?Assume independent assortment.In tomatoes, regular leaves (L) are multilobed and serrated and potato leaves (l) are broad, smooth, and single (Image 1). Red fruit (F) is dominant to yellow fruit (f). A cross is carried out between two pure lines of tomato plants, one having regular leaves and red fruit and the other having potato leaves and yellow fruit. The F1 generation all have regular leaves and red fruit. The F1 individuals are then crossed with one another. The information below represents two sets of data collected from the above cross. Phenotypes Data Set 1 Data Set 2 Regular Red 26 846 Regular Yellow 15 273 Potato Red 6 287 Potato Yellow 12 94 Total 59 1 500 Data set 1 is a from a small sample size and data set 2 is from a large sample size. Compare each data set to the expected probabilities. Explain any differences that you see in how different the observed results are from the expected results between the two data sets. Compare the expected probabilities of each phenotypic class to…Nicotiana glutinosa (2n = 24) and N. tabacum (2n = 48) are two closely related plant species that can be intercrossed, but the F1 hybrid plants that result are usually sterile. In 1925, Roy Clausen and Thomas Goodspeed crossed N. glutinosa and N. tabacum, and obtained one fertile F1 plant (R. E. Clausen and T. H. Goodspeed. 1925. Genetics 10:278–284). They were able to self-pollinate the flowers of this plant to produce an F2 generation. Surprisingly, the F2 plants were fully fertile and produced viable seed. When Clausen and Goodspeed examined the chromosomes of the F2 plants, they observed 36 pairs of chromosomes in metaphase I and 36 individual chromosomes in metaphase II. Explain the origin of the F2 plants obtained by Clausen and Goodspeed and the numbers of chromosomes observed