Figure 33-3 PRICE LEVEL LRAS A CH B QUANTITY OF OUTPUT SRAS, SRAS, AD Refer to Figure 33-3. In Figure 33-3, Point B represents a short-run equilibrium and a long-run equilibrium. short-run equilibrium, and Point A represents a long-run equilibrium. long-run equilibrium, and Point A represents a short-run equilibrium. O long-run equilibrium, and Point C represents a short-run equilibrium.
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- i. Explain why AS curve is vertical in the long runii. Some economists believe that AS curve is positively sloped in the short run. Explain 3 theories which justify this view.iii. Explain 4 variables which can shift the AS curve both in the long run and the short run.iv. Is there any variable which shifts AS in the short run , but not in the long run?Suppose that A Explain the reasons that might lead to an increase in A and show graphically the short and long-run impact of such a change. Make sure to clearly explain your reasoning.A6 “Commodity-rich Australia is one of the very few countries to receive an economic growth upgrade by the International Monetary Fund, after the global outlook was slashed due to war in Ukraine and soaring inflation.” (Financial Review, 11 April 2022). “Australia’s economy has received a boost from the surge in the price of commodities such as gas, iron ore, coal and wheat”, said IMF division chief for Australia, Harald Finger. a. Assume that Australia’s economy is in its medium-run equilibrium (i.e. Y_t = Y_n and u_t = u_n) where Y_t represents the level of output in year t; u_t is the unemployment rate in year t; u_n is the natural rate of unemployment. Use the multiplier model diagram to illustrate the impact on Australia’s GDP from an increase in net export due to increase in commodity prices. Show the output gap in your graph.
- Due to COVID-19 situations the oil prices fall in international market. Let’s assume that output starts at its natural level. a)What happens to the Pakistan’s economy (output and price) in the short run? Explain your answer using AS-AD graphs b)What happens to Pakistan’s economy (output and price) in the long run? Explain with using graphsSuppose England's economy is in long-run equilibrium. As a result of the coronavirus, the British government orders all non-essential businesses to close and issue “shutter in” and other “stay at home” directives requiring its citizens and residents not to leave their residences absent emergencies and/or to purchase food and groceries from markets (that is, people cannot, for example, go to restaurants, movies or sporting events and the like.) If so, then we would predict that in the short-run England's A. real GDP will fall and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same. B. real GDP will rise and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same. C. the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same. D. the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the sameonsider the economy described by the following equations: C = 1,600 + 0.9 (Y – T) I p = 800 G = 1,600 NX = 200 T = 1,600 Y* = 29,000 a. Complete the table shown below to find short-run equilibrium output. Consider possible values for short-run equilibrium output as they are given in the table below.Instructions: If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. OutputY Planned aggregate expenditure (PAE) Y – PAE Y = PAE? 27,200 (Click to select) Yes No 27,400 (Click to select) No Yes 27,600 (Click to select) No Yes 27,800 (Click to select) No Yes 28,000 (Click to select) No Yes b. Short-run level of equilibrium output: c. What is the output gap for this economy? Instructions: If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. The actual unemployment rate should…
- Suppose firms become very optimistic about future business conditions and invest heavily in new capital equipment. (a) Draw an AD-AS diagram to show the short-run effect of this optimism on the economy. Label the new levels of prices and output. (b) Use the diagram from part (a) to show the new long-run equilibrium of the economy. Explain in words why how the new long-run equilibrium is achieved.Suppose firms become optimistic about futurebusiness conditions and invest heavily in new capitalequipment.a. Draw an aggregate-demand/aggregate-supplydiagram to show the short-run effect of thisoptimism on the economy. Label the new levels ofprices and real output. Explain in words why theaggregate quantity of output supplied changes.b. Now use the diagram from part (a) to show thenew long-run equilibrium of the economy. (Fornow, assume there is no change in the long-runaggregate-supply curve.) Explain in words whythe aggregate quantity of output demanded changesbetween the short run and the long run.c. How might the investment boom affect thelong-run aggregate-supply curve? Explain.Suppose that in the year 2010, Celestial Electronics planned toproduce 950,000 units of its portable GPS devices. Of the950,000 it planned to produce, a total of 25,000 units wouldbe added to the inventory at its new plant in Florida. Alsoassume that these units have been selling at a price of $100each and that the price has been constant over time. Supposefurther that this year the firm built a new plant for $5 millionand acquired $2.5 million worth of equipment. It had noother investment projects, and to avoid complications,assume no depreciation.Now suppose that at the end of the year, Celestial had produced950,000 units but had only sold 900,000 units and that invento-ries now contained 50,000 units more than they had at thebeginning of the year. At $100 each, that means that the firmadded $5,000,000 in new inventory.a. How much did Celestial actually invest this year?b. How much did it plan to invest?c. Would Celestial produce more or fewer units next year? Why
- Due to COVID-19 situations the oil prices fall in international market. Let’s assume that output starts at its natural level. What happens to Pakistan’s economy (output and price) in the long run? Explain your answers using graphs.The short run aggragate supply curve slopes_______ showing a _____________ relationship between _______, a measure of output and ________.Suppose the U.S. economy began to grow more rapidly than other counties in the world. What would be the likely impact on U.S. financial markets as part of the global economy?