Fill in the gaps (type your answers in all capital letters): Lactate fermentation is an important pathway, allowing the body to regenerate the co-factor in the absence of (molecule). During the process of cellular respiration, the enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-coA using five co-factors, including |(name one). Acetyl-CoA is a substrate of the TCA cycle, where oxidation of one acetyl-CoA in one turn of the TCA cycle produces 3 molecules of and 1 molecule of that function as electron carriers.

Fill in the gaps (type your answers in all capital letters): Lactate fermentation is an important pathway, allowing the body to regenerate the co-factor in the absence of (molecule). During the process of cellular respiration, the enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-coA using five co-factors, including |(name one). Acetyl-CoA is a substrate of the TCA cycle, where oxidation of one acetyl-CoA in one turn of the TCA cycle produces 3 molecules of and 1 molecule of that function as electron carriers.

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21P: Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and...

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Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and determine how many ATP molecules would be generated if a 16-carbon fatly acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle, in the form of S acetyl-CoA molecules.
To begin the TCA cycle, pyruvate must be converted into acetyl-Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by the enzyme complex of pyruvate dehydrogenase. This complex requires 5 different coenzymes to function properly. What are they?
CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER 1.What are the B-oxidation products of lauric acid (C12H2402), a major component of coconut oil?A.6 acetyl-CoA, 6 NADH, 6 FADH2B. 6 acetyl-CoA, 5 NADH, 5 FADH2C. 5 acetyl-CoA, 6 NADH, 6 FADH2D. 5 acetyl-CoA, 5 NADH, 5 FADH2 2.What is the mechanism of ATP synthesis in glycolysis?A. substrate level phosphorylationB. reductionC. oxidationD. oxidative phosphorylation 3.Which of the following enzymes need ATP as a substrate in the reaction?A.phosphoglycerate kinaseB. phosphofructokinaseC. pyruvate kinaseD.glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Indicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) tothe activity of the enzyme or rate of the metabolic pathway in the given conditions a. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 b. high malonyl CoA to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase I C. Epinephrine to the activity og glycogen synthase d. high citrate to the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase e. high acetyl CoA to ketogenesis
CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER 1.Stearic acid requires eight cycles of B-oxidation to be completely converted to acetyl-CoA.A. TrueB. False 2.ATP is produced from the electron transport system via oxidative phosphorylation.A. TrueB. False
In response low density lipoprotein (LDL), cells elevate the activity of ATP-citrate lyase, which catalyzes the conversion of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. TRUE or FALSE?
Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? Cholesterol levels in human serum are determined by ["only biosynthetic rates", "a combination of endogenous synthesis, update from the diet, and excretion via bile"] . Inhibition of ["HMG-CoA synthase", "HMG-CoA reductase"] can reduce cholesterol levels, and reduces the formation of a 6 carbon organic acid, ["isopentyl diphosphate", "mevalonate"], that is a critical building block for cholesterol.
[Alphabetical order] Name all of 7 ketogenic acids that convert to acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA.
How many molecules of ATP are released in the overall catabolism of glycerol to acetyl-CoA? How many molecules of ATP are released in the complete catabolism of glycerol to CO2 and H2O? (Hint: Combine pathways ofglycerol to DHAP with glycolysis from DHAP to pyruvate and pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Remember to account for any NADH and FADH2 produced.)
Glucagon secretion inhibits intracellular acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity through a number of different methods. Make a list of everything that comes to mind.
Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis must coordinate the energy state and levels of fatty acids in cells. This is achieved by ["", "AMP kinase", "ATP kinase", ""], a monitor of the energy state of the cell, and ["palmitoyl-CoA", "oxaloacetate"], that provides allosteric regulation of ["HMG-CoA reductase", "Acetyl-CoA carboxylase"]. The regulated enzyme in this case is affected by its ["cellular localization", "polymerization state"] as well as its ["glutathione modification state", "phosphorylation state"].
β-oxidation is inhibited by A. high acetyl-CoA levels B. low malonyl-CoA levels C. protein kinase A activity D. phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase