Firms compensate workers with "benefits" in addition to wages and salaries health insurance. Suppose that in 2010, workers at one steel plant were pai the rate of $7 per hour. Also suppose that by 2020 workers at that plant we insurance benefits. Instructions: Enter your answers rounded to 1 decimal place. a. By what percentage did total compensation (wages plus benefits) change Total compensation increased vby 62.5 %. What was the approximate average annual percentage change in total co % b. By what percentage did waqes change at this plant from 2010 to 2020?
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- Explain how each of these situations will affect the quantity demanded of health insurance: d) New technologies that enable medical illness to be predicted more accurately. e) A tendency among buyers to become less risk, on average.Draw a graph and an argument about how increases in health due to one medical innovation can lead to improvements in health that are not directly affected by that innovation. Does it matter the demographic properties of those individuals whose health is improved by the initial innovation?The figure shows estimated medical costs versus what a user actually pays for three health insurance plans with different deductibles. For which plan does the user pay the least for estimated medical costs of $4,000? **SEE DIAGRAM** $500 deductible plan $1,000 deductible plan $2,000 deductible plan The user pays the same for all three plans.
- 51.If, over the years, the standard night in a hospital has risen in price from $200 a night to $1000 a night but now also includes amenities, then economists insist that the price A)has risen $800 over that period. B)has definitely risen but by less than $800 over that period. C)has definitely risen and by more than $800 over that period. D)may have risen or fallen depending on the value of the amenities. 52.Effective AIDS drugs did not exist in the early 1980s. When they became available they were very expensive. When people use these facts to say that the price of AIDS drugs has increased economists generally A)agree. B)suggest they are confusing price increases with quality increases. C)note that the drugs are not as effective as advertised. D)stay out of this discussion. 53.Effective AIDS drugs did not exist in the early 1980s. When they became available they were very expensive. When people use these facts to say that the price of AIDS drugs has increased…What is the difference, if any, between “Pharmacoeconomics” and “Health Economics”? Explain how microeconomics and macroeconomics are relevant to this field of study and support your answer with plausible examples. Based on your answer, illustrate why studying Pharmacoeconomics has become inevitable and remarkably essential in healthcare provision nowadays.Briefly discuss the demand and supply factors that contribute to rising health costs. Specify how (a) asymmetric information, (b) fee-for-service payments, (c) defensive medicine, and (d) medical ethics might cause health care costs to ris
- Briefly discuss the demand and supply factors that contribute to rising health costs. Specify how (a ) asymmetric information, ( b) fee-for-service payments, ( c) defensive medicine, and ( d) medical ethics might cause health care costs to rise.What provision of federal law makes employer-based health insurance even more attractive to most EMPLOYEES who receive it than just the value of the premium? O Insured employees can take a tax deduction for the entire amount paid to doctors for the employee's treatment even if much of the cost was paid by insurance. Employer-based health insurance offers much better coverage than other types of insurance Employer-based health insurance offers lower copays and deductibles than other types of insurance The value of health insurance paid by an employer is not taxable income for the employeeOne of the most robust, fundamental “facts” of health economics is the SES and health gradient. a) Define the SES and health gradient. b) Give three ways in which the SES and health gradient is robust. c) Provide evidence that some of the gradient is correlational (i.e., give a potential confounder) and evidence that the gradient is in fact causal. d) i. Give an interpretation of Figure 1 below in layperson terms. ii. What pattern do you see for men vs women? iii. “The education and mortality gradient does not depend on healthcare spending or whether the country has universal healthcare.” Use Figure 1 to support or refute this claim.
- Describe Grossman's Improvement Model of Health. How does Grossman reconcile health as both something in demand and something produced by individuals?Suppose that there are two countries, Beta and Gamma. Suppose further that everyone in country Beta is on Insurance B and everyone in country Gamma is on Insurance G. Suppose further that both governments use government-set price controls. In 2005, country Beta decided to change the reimbursement rate for pharmaceuticals, but country Gamma did not make this change. You, a researcher, want to study the effect of offering coverage for this drug had an impact on health expenditures. You have average health expenditures for State Beta and Gamma prior to 2005 and post-2005. Using the information in the table below, a quick difference-in-difference calculation suggests covering this drug ____ health expenditures by approximately ____. State Time Periods Pre-2005 Post-2005 State Beta $1000 $1400 State Gamma $1500 $1700 a. decreased; $400 b. increased; $200 c. increased; $400 d. decreased; $200Suppose that there are two countries, Beta and Gamma. Suppose further that everyone in country Beta is on Insurance B and everyone in country Gamma is on Insurance G. Suppose further that both governments use government-set price controls. In 2005, country Beta decided to change the reimbursement rate for pharmaceuticals, but country Gamma did not make this change. You, a researcher, want to study the effect of offering coverage for this drug had an impact on health expenditures. You have average health expenditures for State Beta and Gamma prior to 2005 and post-2005. Using your finding from the question above, you can infer that country Beta likely _____ reimbursement rates for pharmaceutical drugs. State Time Periods Pre-2005 Post-2005 State Beta $1000 $1400 State Gamma $1500 $1700 a. lower b. did not change c. raised