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- If the U.S. government's budget deficits are increasing aggregate demand, and the economy is producing at a level that is substantially less than potential GDP, then: a) government borrowing is likely to crowd out private investment. b) an inflationary increase in the price level is in real danger. c) the central bank might react with an expansionary monetary policy. d) higher interest rates will crowd out private investment.A fiscal expansion coupled with a monetary expansion must always causea) Output to riseb) Output to fallc) Interest rates to rised) Interest rates to fallWhat is the advantage of monetary policy over fiscal policy? O. Monetary policy can be implemented faster than fiscal policy O. Once implemented, the effect of monetary policy can be realized faster than fiscal policy O. The monetary policy affecting Investment category, which is more flexible than the Consumption and Government expenditure category O. Monetary policy is more effective at reducing the recessionary/inflationary gap
- Assume that as a result of the coronavirus and U.S. (Federal) Government policies to ameliorate or lessen the virus’ public health impact, the U.S. unemployment increases from 3.6% to 13.7% by May, 2020. As part of monetary and fiscal policies, however, beginning in the summer of 2020 the Fed purchases over $3.5 Trillion in U.S. government bonds and Federal Government transfers $5,000 to every U.S. adult over 18 years old (not in college…. sorry) financed by government debt. Then, as a part of its overall public health policies, the U.S. government begins to relax or loosen its previous travel and “shutter in” policies in the Spring 2021 so that people can now go to restaurants, movies or sporting events and the like more freely. Absent increases in the United States long run aggregate supply, the combined economic effects of such policies would most likely be:Assume that as a result of the coronavirus and U.S. (Federal) Government policies to ameliorate or lessen the virus’ public health impact, the U.S. unemployment increases from 3.6% to 13.7% by May, 2020. As part of monetary and fiscal policies, however, beginning in the summer of 2020 the Fed purchases over $3.5 Trillion in U.S. government bonds and Federal Government transfers $5,000 to every U.S. adult over 18 years old (not in college…. sorry) financed by government debt. Then, as a part of its overall public health policies, the U.S. government begins to relax or loosen its previous travel and “shutter in” policies in the Spring 2021 so that people can now go to restaurants, movies or sporting events and the like more freely. Absent increases in the United States long run aggregate supply, the combined economic effects of such policies would most likely be: A. Lower GDP growth. B. Higher rates of inflation. C. Higher unemployment rates…Suppose the government undertook a fiscal policy by increasing government expenditure by 20 percent. Clearly demonstrate how this would result in the crowding out phenomena.c. Suppose the instead of fiscal policy, the government, through its monetary authority undertook an expansionary monetary policy by increasing nominal money supply by 20 percent. Clearly demonstrate how this would result in the crowding in phenomena.
- Expansionary monetary policy and contractionary fiscal policy has a combined effect which is ________.a. a decrease in interest rate and decrease in tax ratesb. an increase in interest rate and increase in tax ratesc. an increase government spending and decrease in money supplyd. an increase in tax rates and decrease in interest ratesConsider following IS-LM model: C = 200 + 0.25 · YD I = 150 + 0. 25 · Y – 1, 000 · i G = 250 T = 200 D M = 2 · Y – 8, 000 · i M = 1,600 P e) Solve for the equilibrium values of C and I! f) Solve for the equilibrium values of Y, i, C and I, if the money suppl increases to 1,840! g) Solve for the equilibrium values of Y, i, C and I, if government spending increases to 400 (the money supply is 1,600)!Fiscal and Monetary Stimulus A. Create a graph of equilibrium in the IS-LM model. Show the effect of an expansionary monetary policy. Summarize your results. B. If the central bank’s goal is to maximize output, what interest rate will we expect in equilibrium? C. Starting from the equilibrium described in (B), suppose investors experience a decrease in “animal spirits.” What happens to output? Can the central bank offset this with expansionary monetary policy? D. What could fiscal authorities do to offset the shock to animal spirits described in (C)?
- Brexit and Covid-19 restrictions may result in a recession. How can the UK government and Bank of England fix this with both fiscal and monetary policy?Determine how each of the following monetary or fiscal policy would shift the aggregate demand curve. Illustrate and explain the following effect. a. Assuming the economy is currently producing above the full employment output, the government decided to increase the personal income tax as a form of contractionary fiscal policy. Illustrate and explain the effect of the policy using AD-AS curve. b. With the recession due to COVID-19, the central bank has decided to lower down discount rates and reserve requirements of the commercial bank. Illustrate and explain the effect of the policy using AD-AS curve.For this economy to produce Y1 and sustain it without inflationa) the price of oil must increase.b) the government must implement an expansionary fiscal policy.c) the government must implement an expansionary monetary policy.d) potential output must increase.