For each statement, indicate whether it is true or false. (a) Inorder to make a covalent bond, the orbitals on each atom inthe bond must overlap. (b) A p orbital on one atom cannotmake a bond to an s orbital on another atom. (c) Lone pairsof electrons on an atom in a molecule influence the shape ofa molecule. (d) The 1s orbital has a nodal plane. (e) The 2porbital has a nodal plane.
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
For each statement, indicate whether it is true or false. (a) In
order to make a covalent bond, the orbitals on each atom in
the bond must overlap. (b) A p orbital on one atom cannot
make a bond to an s orbital on another atom. (c) Lone pairs
of electrons on an atom in a molecule influence the shape of
a molecule. (d) The 1s orbital has a nodal plane. (e) The 2p
orbital has a nodal plane.
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