For the next four questions, assume the economy can be described by the following set of equations: C/Y = 0.7 1/Y-0.1-4(R-F) G/Y -0.2 C+I+G=Y Also assume that = 0.02 and Y = 10. This is a complete IS model. You will be given the value of R set by monetary policy in each question. For all questions, enter the answer rounded to 1 decimal place. Suppose a demand shock (which may be positive or negative) results in a new consumption function such that C/Y=0.9. Assume the other demand functions for investment and government spending are unaltered, and that monetary policy is neutral so that R=0.02. What is the value of short-run output Ÿ in percent? Answer:
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- Can you please help with the explanation of the below? In contemporary monetary theory, we do not normally think of using a money stock to implement monetary policy. By setting m-p, the log of the real money stock, equal to money demand y-b.i where y and i are ln(GDP) and the interest rate, create a money policy reaction function. Noting that p+y is the log of nominal GDP how could you interpret m in this case so as to make your equation approximate the reality in Australia?An economy with constant prices is described by an extended IS-LM model - that is, by an IS-LM model based on the following additional assumptions: - The central bank can set the real rate r, that therefore becomes the "policy rate" determined by monetary policy, and keeps it at the chosen level- Spending decisions (in particular investment decisions by firms) depend on the "real borrowing rate" r+x, sum of the real policy rate and the risk premium (x). Starting from an initial equilibrium position, suppose that the government cuts net taxes T and that at the same time the risk premoium x goes down. The central bank changes the policy rate to prevent these changes in T and x from affecting equilibrium production, that therefore remains unchanged. In the move from the initial equilibrium to the one that will be reached following the changes in x, T and r described above, the "real borrowing rate" r+x will have gone up, down or will have remained unchanged? Explain why.“Monetary policy is the macroeconomic policy laid down by the central bank of an economy.”In terms of the above statement, explain how monetary policy can be used to combat inflation
- Suppose that you are employed as an advisor to the central bank. Select the proper policy recommendation or economic prediction for each of the following scenarios. Which policy is appropriate when a rising aggregate price level is a concern but GDP is growing at an acceptable rate? contractionary or restrictive monetary policy (tight money policy) It is unclear which type of monetary policy is appropriate. expansionary monetary policy (easy money policy) Which policy is appropriate when a rising aggregate price level is a concern and GDP is not growing at an acceptable rate? It is unclear which type of monetary policy is appropriate. contractionary or restrictive monetary policy (tight money policy) expansionary monetary policy (easy money policy) Contractionary or restrictive monetary policy (tight money policy) will cause interest rates to increase sometimes and decrease sometimes. decrease. increase.Suppose the target rate of unemployment is 5 percent but the actual rate of unemployment is 2 percent. Given this information, which of the following policies is the least appropriate according to the AS/AD model? A, contractionary monetary policy B. an increase in the value of the dollar to decrease exports C. an increase in interest rates from the central bank D. None of the available answers. E. expansionary monetary policySuppose the economy begins at full employment. Label this starting point as point "1." Then, suppose that the minimum wage increases to $15 in the United States, which affects the entire labor market and increases the cost of production. Show the effects on your graph and label the new equilibrium point "2." Lastly, suppose the Federal Reserve wants to keep prices in the economy as low as possible. Should the Fed intervene? If so, show the impact of successful monetary policy on your graph. Label this new equilibrium point "3."
- Consider the monetary intertemporal model. Payments can be made with either credit cards or with money, and we denote the amount of transactions in real terms with credit cards as X. The bank is willing to supply credit card services as a function of Xs(q) where q is the cost per unit of credit. The money supply is given by Ms and the goods market and the labour market are as we described in the real intertemporal model Assume that the government introduces a tax on credit card services. That is, if a consumer or a firm holds a credit card balance of X, they are taxed tX where t is the tax rate. Determine the effects on the equilibriums price and the quantity of credit card services, the demand for money, and the price levelHow does restrictive monetary policy affect the level of investment and consumption? Explain your answer by using the IS/LM modelThe AS/AD (Aggregate Supply/Aggregate Demand) model is used for policymaking. Using the AS/AD model, graphically illustrate and describe the effect of an Expansionary Monetary Policy by the MPC (Monetary Policy Committee) by decreasing the repo rate.
- Discuss whether the monetary policy can capably create real effects under the following scenarios or not:1) Wage structure in the labor market is flexible and labors have complete information about the general price level.2) Wage structure in the labor market is flexible but labors hold imperfect information about general price level.The Yd(IS) curve in the New Keynesian model is identical to which of the following in the intertemporal monetary model? A. the production function B. the output supply curve C. the labour supply curve D. the output demand curve E. the labour demand curveChapter 14, Problem 5, p. 530. (not answered) In the New Keynesian model, how should the central bank change its target interest rate in response to each of the following shocks? Use diagrams and explain your results. (a) There is a shift in money demand. (b) Total factor productivity is expected to decrease in the future. (c) Total factor productivity decreases in the present Chapter 14, Problem 6, p. 530. (not answered) In the New Keynesian model, suppose that in the short run the central bank cannot observe aggregate output or the shocks that hit the economy. However, the central bank would like to come as close as possible to economic efficiency. That is, ideally the central bank would like the output gap to be zero. Suppose initially that the economy is in equilibrium with a zero-output gap. (a) Suppose that there is a shift in money demand. That is, the quantity of money demanded increases for each interest rate and level of real income. How well does the central bank perform…