formation (which is ldentical to the scendrio in the video), 10,000-2P 500+5P ernal Benefit: MEB = 0.1Q the private market quantity and the socially optimal quantity. Fully label the grap t the government implements a $400 subsidy per tree planted. Draw the "PMB + y attained with this $400 subsidy. dy a "Pigouvian" subsidy? Why or why not?
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- (Optimal Provision of Public Goods) Using at least two individual consumers, show how the market demand curve is derived from individual demand curves (a) for a private good and (b) for a public good. Once you have derived the market demand curve in each case, introduce a market supply curve and then show the optimal level of production.Assume that the MC of producing steel does not include the cost of the damage to the environment as a result of producing steel. By producing at the quantity where P=MC, steel firms will be producing: a the socially efficient amount of steel b less than the socially efficient amount of steel c less than the free-market equilibrium quantity of steel d more than the socially efficient amount of steel e a zero quantity of steelYou are an industry analyst that specializes in an industry where the market inverse demand is P = 100 - 2Q. The external marginal cost of producing the product is MCExternal = 8Q, and the internal cost is MCInternal = 18Q.Instructions: Enter your response rounded to the nearest two decimal places.a. What is the socially efficient level of output? unitsb. Which of the following are actions the government could take to induce firms in this industry to produce the socially efficient level of output.Instructions: For correct answers place a check mark. check all that apply Nonrival consumptionunanswered Pollution taxesunanswered Pollution permitsunanswered
- Suppose that flu shots create a positive externality equal to $10 per shot. Further suppose that the government offers a $7-per-shot subsidy to producers. What is the relationship between the equilibrium quantity and the socially optimal quantity of flu shots produced? Group of answer choices They are equal. The equilibrium quantity is greater than the socially optimal quantity. The equilibrium quantity is less than the socially optimal quantity. There is not enough information to answer the question.Now suppose that scientists discover that this particular product has a significant Positive Externality. As we learned in class, the Demand curve is a depiction of marginal private benefit (MPB). However, the existence of the positive externality means that for every given output level, Marginal Social Benefit (MSB) is higher than Marginal Private Benefit (MPB). Add this MSB1 to the same graph you created for Question 5. Absent any government intervention, what are the equilibrium price P1, equilibrium quantity Q1, the resulting Consumer Surplus CS1, and the resulting Producer Surplus PS1? Indicate the Socially Optimal output, QSO1. Graphically indicate the size of Dead Weight Loss DWL1 if there is such a loss. In the narrative, please explain how you determined the socially optimal output level and the presence (or absence) of dead-weight loss in this situation. Is the market producing too much, too little, or just the right amount of the product with a positive externality in…Use the following Graphical to answer questions. a. Refer to the above diagram in which S is the market supply curve and S1 is a supply curve comprising all costs of production, including external costs. Assume that the number of people affected by these external costs is large. Without government interference, what will this market result in? b. Refer to the above diagram in which S is the market supply curve and S1 is a supply curve comprising all costs of production, including external costs. Assume that the number of people affected by these external costs is large. If the government wishes to establish an optimal allocation of resources in this market, what should it? a. Description Where there is asymmetric information between buyers and sellers! b. In which buyers will opt out of markets?
- What is the economist’s definition of public goods? Why are public goods associated with market failure? How do the free rider problem and shirking contribute to this form of market failureThe depletion of the ozone layer is attributed to the emission of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Before 1990, the use of coolants in refrigerators such as Freon released a significant amount of CFCs. Given the above scenario, is the equilibrium level of refrigerators produced prior to 1990 in the market “too much” or “too little” compared to the social optimum? Explain why this occurs. Support your answer by drawing the private and social, marginal cost and marginal benefit curves for refrigerators. Identify the deadweight loss if any exists. Identify a regulation that the government can use to achieve the socially optimal level of refrigerators. Explain how this regulation works. Explain how the Coase theorem could hypothetically work to achieve the optimal level of CFCs emissions in this context. Enumerate at least one major drawback that hinders the creation of a market for CFCs without any third party regulators in the real world. Assume that the marginal savings for refrigerator…Using the above table, fill in the Marginal Social Benefit for a public good based on an economy of these 3 consumers. Consumer A’s price per unit Consumer B’s price per unit Consumer C’s price per unit Marginal Social Benefit QD $Blank 1 1 $11 $12 $15 $Blank 2 2 $9 $8 $12 $Blank 3 3 $6 $5 $9 $Blank 4 4 $5 $1 $5 If this public good has a constant marginal cost (MC) of $20, what is the socially optimal number of units of the public good that should be provided to the economy? Blank 5 units.
- i)A public good a )costs essentially nothing to produce and is thus provided by the government at a zero price. b)can never be provided by a nongovernmental organization. c) can't be provided to one person without making it available to others as well. d)generally results in substantial negative externalities. ii)The market demand curve for a public good a) shows the total value that all individuals place on each additional unit of the good. b) is derived in the same manner as demand curves for private goods. c)is derived by horizontally summing all individual demand curves. d)shows the total number of units that would be produced by the public sector at each possible price. iii)The market demand curve for a public good a) shows the total value that all individuals place on each additional unit of the good. b)is derived in the same manner as demand curves for private goods. c) is derived by horizontally summing all individual demand curves. d)shows the total number of units…You are an industry analyst that specializes in an industry where the market inverse demand is P = 200 - 5Q. The external marginal cost of producing the product is MCExternal = 10Q, and the internal cost is MCInternal = 16Q.Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to the nearest two decimal places.a. What is the socially efficient level of output? unitsb. Given these costs and market demand, how much output would a competitive industry produce? unitsc. Given these costs and market demand, how much output would a monopolist produce? unitsd. Which of the following are actions the government could take to induce firms in this industry to produce the socially efficient level of output.Instructions: In order to receive full credit, you must make a selection for each option. For correct answer(s), click the box once to place a check mark. For incorrect answer(s), click twice to empty the box. Pollution taxesunanswered Pollution permitsunanswered Nonrival consumptionunansweredSuppose a small country, Country X, is considering implementing a Carbon Tax to address environmental concerns and reduce carbon emissions. The government believes that such a tax will have an impact on the country's economic performance. Given the following data: Current annual carbon emissions: 500,000 metric tons The government proposes a carbon tax of $30 per metric ton of carbon emitted. Calculate the potential change in annual carbon tax revenue if the country successfully reduces its carbon emissions by 20% after the implementation of the Carbon Tax.