From the figures describe: (i) (ii) What is the relative value for that monkey, 1A=2B. What is the recorded neuron encoding? How can we interpret it from its activity displayed by the blue dots in the bottom graph?
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- Q5. Diazepam is a drug that stimulates the activity of GABA receptors in the brain. If a person was having an epileptic seizure, how would diazepam affect the seizure? Q6. During a surgical procedure, an anesthesiologist administers to the patient an inhaled anesthetic agent that opens Cl- channels in the postsynaptic membranes of neurons of the brain. Explain why this would put the patient “to sleep” for the duration of the surgical procedure. Q7. Jack places his foot on a piece of broken glass. He immediately lifts his leg away from the glass without losing his balance. What reflex response has occurred? How does he manage to maintain his balance? Q8. Which cranial nerves would be affected by a drug that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system? Predict potential adverse effects that one might experience. Q9. Mr. Putuu has been diagnosed with Horner syndrome, which is caused by dysfunction of the sympathetic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion that innervate…20. Select from the list below the one coding requirement that is used in each of the following three scenarios: 1) the knee-jerk reflex, 2) reduction of pain perception by rubbing the injured area, and 3) high frequency sound localization. A. Inhibitory interneurons. B. Second messenger pathways. C. Coincidence detection. D. None of the answers. E. Rapidly adapting neurons.Looking at Fig. 3a and 3b, how do you know that 3a has a significant difference and that Fig. 3b does not? In the euthyroid HT induces ultrastructure changes in frontal synapses section of the results section the authors wrote “Quantitatively, the ultrastructure of the frontal lobe neurons revealed lower synaptic density (Fig. 5c), fewer presynaptic vesicles (Fig. 5d), shorter active zone length (Fig. 5e), thinner postsynaptic densities (Fig. 5g), and decreased synaptic curvature (Fig. 5h) in the HT mice compared with those in the Con mice.” Based on this quote would you expect nerve transmission to be faster or slower in HT mice?
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion 1) For long term potentiation in the hippocampus, what molecule is the coincidence detector?Which statement is false? 1. The reverse firing of neurons is linked to learning and memory2. The plasticity of the brain allow for activities/ skills and actions to be relocated in different parts of the brain.3. Sleep and learning are associated through fMRNA4. Practice enhances connecting and integrating neural networks.Ocular dominance columns result from competition between LGN neurons of the opposite eyes for Stellate cells . (a) What is the key "ingredient" that enables a neuron to successfully compete for Stellate cells? (b) How is this ingredient demonstrated by Hubel and Wiesel using cats? (c) How is this ingredient demonstrated in more recent experiments using a toxin?
- Give typed full explanation of both questions otherwise leave it 1) You generate action potentials in a neuron bathed in solution in a petri dish by applying a threshold level depolarizing stimulus near its axon hillock. If the solution surrounding the neuron contained 5mM K+, 150 mM Na+, and 0 mM Ca2+ which of the following would you expect? a. the neuron would not release neurotransmitter from the axon terminal b. the neurons action potentials would have an unusually long duration c. the neuron would have a resting membrane potential of zero d. the neuron would not be able to propagate action potentials down the entire length of the axon 2) If blood pressure decreases, which of the following would allow glomerular filtration rate to remain unchanged? a. dilation of both the efferent and afferent arterioles b. dilation of efferent arterioles and constriction of afferent arterioles c. constriction of efferent arterioles and dilation of afferent arterioles d. constriction of both the…11. The two broad classes of cells in the nervous system include 1. those responsible for information processing, and 2. those providing mechanical and metabolic support. (This is a multiple choice question choose the answer from the choices below) These two categories of specialized cells are called A.neurons and glial cells. B.Schwann cells and glial cells. C.microglia and Schwann cells. D.astrocytes and Schwann cells.7.Which among the following statement is INCORRECT?(This is a multiple choice question choose the answer from the choices below) A.Motor neurons can cause the secretion of hormones from endocrine glands in addition to affecting the movement of muscles B.Sensory neurons send signals away from the CNS and elicit some type of response C.Motor neurons are efferent neurons that leave the CNS and act on distant cells D.Sensory neurons receive a stimulus either directly or from a specialized sensory receptor cell, and pass the signal on to the CNS
- A neuron must reach threshold to fire an action potential. In this context, threshold refers to which event? a. voltage at which damage occurs to the membrane because of the electrical charge b. the voltage at which potassium ions begin to flow in and out of the cell c. the voltage at which voltage-gated sodium channels open d. the voltage at which the neuron can no longer produce an action potential According to studies in developing rodents, testosterone treatment causes detectable changes in: a. the sex region Y gene b. the thalamus c. the hypothalamus d. alpha-fetoproteinPlease answer 3) Which of the following keeps the impulse traveling in one direction down the axon? a) inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels b) the nodes of Ranvier c) the magnitude of the action potential (+30 mV) d) the myelin sheath1. Action potentials are generated in a region called the _______ which includes the axon hillock and the initial segment of the axon. 2.According to the all-or-nothing principle a.once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity (its threshold), it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any intensity. b.the amount of time a neuron must “rest” in between firing episodes is stable. c.as a person ages, his or her neurological system slows down and the intensity of neural impulses decreases significantly. d.if all the neurons in a network are not integrated, the “message” carried by the neurons will be lost.