Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN:9781305073951
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Chapter42: Animal Development
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 2DAA
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Give an interpretation of the results
Transcribed Image Text:3. Record births and deaths of at least 200 people from each of the two groups. Take note of the gender
based on their names (best to skip those with gender-neutral names for this exercise). You may use
a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for this.
4.
Calculate the age of death for each person for the first group.
5. In another spreadsheet, group the ages into five-year intervals (0, 1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-15 years,
etc.) and make two columns in a table. Column 1 will be the age groups and column 2 will have
the number of people dying in each age group (also known as age-specific mortality). Label Column
1 as x and Column 2 as dx. x=0 will represent total number of individuals in a sample.
6. Calculate the number of individuals surviving to the start of each age class and put this as column
3. This is done by subtracting the number of individuals who died between age 1 and 5 (the first
interval) from your total (200) and place this in column 3. Continue to subtract the number dying
in each age class from the number remaining alive and place this number in the next row of column
3. Label Column 3 as nx.
7. Calculate survivorship (1x) for each age class by dividing each number in column 3 by the total
number of people (200) and place these in column 4. Do this for both groups.
8. Compute for age-specific mortality rate (qx), which is the number of individuals that died during
any given age group (dx) divided by the number alive (nx) at the beginning of the interval. Fill up
Table 1 and 2 below with your data.
9. Prepare a graph showing the survivorship curves. You may use an arithmetic y-axis or a log y-axis
with age as the x-axis. Compare survivorship curves between these two groups. Print out a copy of
this graph and attach to your exercise sheet.
10. Prepare a PowerPoint presentation for a 5-minute oral report which explains the groups you are
comparing Include your answers to the guide questions in page 5
Part B. Life Expectancy
1. In Column 5, compute for the average number of individuals alive during the age interval x to x +
1. It is calculated as the average of nx and nx+1. Label this column Lx.
2. Use the values in Lx to calculate for Tx. Place these values in Column 6. You may do this by taking
the sum of values of Lx cumulatively from the bottom of the column to age x. Label this column
Tx.
3. In column 7, compute for life expectancy (ex) by dividing the value of Tx by dividing the value of
Tx by the corresponding value of nx.
Transcribed Image Text:Male
X
0
1-5
6-10
11-15
16-20
21-25
26-30
31-35
36-40
41-45
46-50
51-55
56-60
61-65
66-70
71-75
76-80
81-85
86-90
91-95
96-100
101-105
Male
3.00
2.99
2.98
2.98
2.98
2.97
2.97
2.96
2.94
2.93
2.91
2.88
2.82
2.75
2.61
2.47
2.17
1.89
1.51
0.81
0.81
0.00
Female
Female
X
3.00
2.99
2.98
2.98
2.98
2.98
2.98
2.97
2.96
2.96
2.95
2.92
2.87
2.80
2.74
2.63
2.49
2.32
2.04
1.72
0.00 96-100
0.00 101-105
0
1-5
6-10
11-15
16-20
21-25
26-30
31-35
36-40
41-45
46-50
51-55
56-60
61-65
66-70
71-75
76-80
81-85
86-90
91-95
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Figure X. Survivorship curve
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
x - age group - x-axis
log lx - y-axis
0 1-5 6-10 11- 16- 21- 26- 31- 36- 41- 46-
51-
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
0 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76-80 81-85 86-90 91-95
Male
71 75
56- 61- 66-71-76- 81-
60 65 70
Female
Male
Female
Male
86-91-
80 85 90 95
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