Give one enzyme involved in any of the two oxidative decarboxylation step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle leading to the release of CO2. (Abbreviation and wrong spelling will not be accepted.)
Q: The malate–aspartate shuttle yields about2.5 moles of ATP for each mole of cytosolic NADH. Why…
A: Malate-Aspartate Shuttle is a biochemical system that is used for the translocation of electrons…
Q: Briefly describe the dual role of lipoic acid in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
A: Lipoic acid is essentially used in aerobic processes. It is important biological compound for the…
Q: For 30 moles of glucose that is completely oxidized in the glycolysis down to the Krebs cycle, what…
A: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm irrespective of the presence or absence of oxygen. Each molecule…
Q: The “bridge reaction”, using pyruvate dehydrogenase, is highly exergonic and is essentially…
A: All organisms make use of a molecule called glucose and a process called glycolysis to meet some or…
Q: Explain why the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a crucial juncture in…
A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of…
Q: Write a balanced equation for the conversion in the glyoxylate cycle of twoacetyl units, as…
A: glyoxylate contribute to an anabolic reaction as compared to the TCA (Tricarboxylic cycle).
Q: Name three enzymes from the citric acid cycle which are allosterically regulated by ATP and/or NADH.…
A: The citric acid cycle is also known as the TCA cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all…
Q: The conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate reduces NAD+ to NADH.…
A:
Q: In the citric acid cycle, the coenzyme NAD is required for which of the following reactions (Choose…
A: NAD or Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a type of coenzyme that plays a crucial role in cellular…
Q: Which of the following cofactors is NOT used by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a. NAD+ b. FAD…
A: The pyruvate formed by the process of glycolysis is converted into acetyl-CoA. The reaction is…
Q: Explain how the conversion of alanine to pyruvic acid (pyruvate) can be identified as an oxidation…
A: Oxidation is the gain of oxygen, loss of electrons, and loss of hydrogen from an atom. The oxidation…
Q: Write a balanced equation for the conversion of glycerol into pyruvate. Which enzymes are required…
A: Gluconeogenesis means the production of a glucose molecule from the non-carbohydrate substrate. The…
Q: Using the symbols X-H2 and Y, draw a coupled oxidation-reduction reaction. Designate the molecule…
A: An increase in the rate of a reaction without changing itself and the final product, Catalyst is…
Q: Give one metabolic intermediate that is released as pyruvate is oxidized by the pyruvate…
A: Glucose is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway to synthesize energy in the form of ATP and…
Q: Among the choices, I. alpha-ketoglutarate II. Glutamine III. NADPH IV. H+ which among here is the…
A: Citric acid cycle is also called as Krebs cycle.
Q: Ethanol is oxidized in the liver to form acetate, which is then converted to acetyl-CoA. Determine…
A: Ethanol is a compound with chemical formula, C2H6O. It has an ethyl group bonded to a hydroxy or…
Q: How many ATP molecules would be generated if an 8-carbon fatty acid were metabolized solely by the…
A: Triacylglycerols are cleaned to fatty acids and glycerols by lipases before they are used for…
Q: The Km and kcat for fumarase with fumarate as a substrate are 5 × 10−6 M and 8 × 102 s−1,…
A: The citric acid cycle is the metabolic pathway, during which the oxaloacetate is formed from the…
Q: Name two oxidizing agents that act as coenzyme with oxidoreductases
A: Enzymes are a class of proteins that increases the pace of the chemical reaction without undergoing…
Q: How many moles of ATP are synthesized by adding stearate to TCA through B-oxidation? Why is that?…
A: From the Beta oxidation process: The P/O ratios, which give the number of ATP produced per molecule,…
Q: For the following reactions, name both the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction and the required…
A: Enzymes are considered as catalytic protein which helps in the catalysis of reaction. The coenzyme…
Q: Write a balanced equation for the reaction catalyzed bynitrogenase.
A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that help in catalyzing or speeding up biological reactions by…
Q: Complete the following sentence by selecting the correct cofactor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase…
A: Introduction:- PDH connects the citric acid cycle and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation to the…
Q: Demerol (meperidine) is a drug used to relieve moderate to severe pain through inhibition of the…
A: Eukaryotic organisms have membrane bound organelles in the cell. Mitochondria acts as a…
Q: Using the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, determine how many ATP can be produced from one mole of each…
A: In Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, 1.5 ATP are generated instead of 2.5 ATP for NADH produced during…
Q: The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum does not carry out oxidative phosphorylation and…
A: Krebs cycle is the metabolic pathway that oxidizes acetyl CoA into oxaloacetate in series of…
Q: Write the coupled reaction that would occur spontaneously for the following pairs of molecules under…
A: Citric acid cycle or Krebs Cycle is the cyclic metabolic pathway for the oxidation of various…
Q: Given the following question, for each of the three reactions catalyzed by NADH dehydrogenase…
A: The mitochondrial respiratory chain or electron transport chain is a biological oxidation process in…
Q: Which of the following statements is/are TRUE for the Krebs' cycle? Reaction 1: condensation of…
A: Krebs cycle is the typical process for fully oxidizing proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates as they…
Q: in which of the reactions in the electron transport chain, coenzyme Q transfers electrons to complex…
A: Most of the energy released during the steps of aerobic respiration is retained by the reduced…
Q: All of the following steps act as sources of energy in citric acid cycle except - a) Citrate…
A: Citric acid cycle , also known as TCA cycle, is a series of chemical reactions to release energy by…
Q: Which of the following carries electrons from the NADH dehydrogenase complex to the cytochrome c…
A: Ans. In a sequence of three large protein complexes, called NADH-Q oxidoreductase, Q-cytochrome c…
Q: Consider one of the reactions of the citric acid cycle shown below Malate + NAD+ ⇆ Oxaloacetate +…
A: Given that the Gibbs free energy of the malate to oxaloacetate conversion reaction is a positive…
Q: In the krebs cycle, if the enzyme used succinate dehydrogenase used NAD+ as the oxidizing agent,…
A: ▪︎ Krebs cycle is a series of eight steps that involve enzyme-catalyzed reactions. ▪︎It begins with…
Q: hexokinase catalyzes the first reaction of the glycolysis pathway. What may happen if there is…
A: Glycolysis The step in respiration in which single 6 carbon molecule glucose converted into 2…
Q: What are the coenzymes of El and E2 of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? Explain their roles and…
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a complex of three enzymes that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA…
Q: Complete the following reactions: NADH, H+ oxidoreductase O2 oxidoreductase
A: Introduction This reaction is involved in the linolenic acid metabolism in the presence of…
Q: All of the following compounds have sufficiently high group transfer potentials to lead to the…
A: Group transfer potential : It is quantitative measurement of the strength of attachment of the group…
Q: For the following reactions, name both the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction and the required…
A: The citric acid (CAC) cycle is the major metabolic pathway in the cell, which helps to form the…
Q: How many NADH _____& ATP _____are produced from the beta oxidation of Lauric Acid?
A:
Q: If α-ketoglutarate is removed from TCA cycle and used to make glutamate, how many of each of the…
A: α-ketoglutarate is an intermediate of the Krebs cycle. Isocitrate is converted into α-ketoglutarate…
Q: A molecule -X inhibits oxidation of stearoyl-CoA by isolated mitochondria but has no effect on…
A: Sterol-CoA desaturate is referred to as the key enzyme that is involved in the process of…
Q: What is the reduction potential (DE) for the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase if the…
A: 0.152 is the reduction potential for the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase if the…
Q: Write an equation for the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.
A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC) complex is considered as the crucial complex, which is known to…
Q: Cytochrome c may associate with cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) in the inner mitochondrial…
A: Introduction- Mitochondria play an important role in leading to apoptotic effects during apoptosis.…
Q: Write out the balanced chemical equation for the FIRST round of oxidation of C16:cis-9.
A: in the first round of beta oxidation, we will have a 2C short acyl Co A, an acetyl Co A, FADH2 and…
Identify what is being asked?
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Based on your knowledge of the structure of NAD+ and an assumption that coenzyme dissociation is the rate limiting step of the alcohol dehydrogenase mechanism, hypothesize why a N249W mutation at the coenzyme binding site would increase the rate of catalysis.Extending the Mechanism of Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase to Similar Reactions Based on the mechanism for the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (see problem 14), write reasonable mechanisms for the following reactions shown.Examine the ActiveModel for alcohol dehydrogenase and describe the structure and function of the catalytic zinc center.
- Which reaction in the citric acid cycle is most analogous to the oxidative decarboxylation of 6- phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate? What kind of enzymebound intermediate is formed in both reactions?Write a balanced equation for the conversion in the glyoxylate cycle of twoacetyl units, as acetyl-CoA, to oxaloacetate.The “bridge reaction”, using pyruvate dehydrogenase, is highly exergonic and is essentially irreversible. Name the 3 outcomes (name any activated carriers produced, name the molecule that is produced from losing one carbon atom from pyruvate, and name any modification to the remaining two carbon compound of interest ) of the separate enzyme activities found within the large dehydrogenase complex.
- Which one of the five steps of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction is most likely to be metabolically irreversible? Explain.Refer to Figure, which indicates ΔG for each glycolytic reaction under intracellular conditions. Assume that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited with iodoacetate, which reacts with its active site cysteine sulfhydryl group. Which glycolytic intermediate would you expect to accumulate most rapidly, and why?The Km and kcat for fumarase with fumarate as a substrate are 5 × 10−6 M and 8 × 102 s−1, respectively. When malate is the substrate, the Km and kcat are 2.5 × 10−5 M and 9 × 102 s−1, respectively. What do these data tell you about the operation of this enzyme in the citric acid cycle?
- Why is it advantageous for citrate, the product of Reaction 1 of the citric acid cycle, to inhibit phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the third reaction of glycolysis?How many molecules of acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH are produced in the catabolism of a molecule of arachidonic acid, an 20-carbon carboxylic acid? How many times does the spiral reaction sequence occurWhich of the following statements is/are TRUE for the Krebs' cycle? Reaction 1: condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate; produces H20. Reaction 3: oxidation of isocitrate to a-ketoglutarate; produces NADH and CO2. Reaction 6: oxidation of succinate to fumarate; produces FADH2 and CO2 Reaction 5: hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to succinate; produces ATP.