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Given the generic reaction, A(aq) + B(aq) C(aq) ← 1. Write the mass action expression for Kc, the equilibrium constant

Given the generic reaction, A(aq) + B(aq) C(aq) ← 1. Write the mass action expression for Kc, the equilibrium constant

Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
3rd Edition
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Chapter14: Chemical Equilibrium
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 14.2QE: Describe a nonchemical system that is in equilibrium, and explain how the principles of equilibrium...
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6:22 kud21.kutztown.edu 1 of 4 Observations will be made and chemical formulas will be predicted for the ions present in solution. Three separate systems will be studied: Acid-Base Indicator, Complex lon, and Gas Phase Equilibria. Theory Before focusing on specific examples, first consider the general reaction: A(aq) B(aq) + C(aq) (1) where A, B, and C are molecules or ions in solution. If these species are in equilibrium, their concentrations are related by an equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction at a given temperature. The mass action expression for the general reaction above is as follows: [B][C] [Alq =K₂ .5G − + - (2) and can be used to calculate Kc from the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products. The subscript eq refers to the concentration of a reactant or product at equilibrium. Equilibrium, not initial, concentrations are used to compute Ke. If a change occurs i one of the reactant or product concentration, then changes in equilibrium concentrations of all the components will occur. For example, what if the concentration of A decreases? Remember, K, is a constant (at a specific temperature)! Materials If [A] has decreased, the reaction equilibrium must shift to the left to replenish the missing A so that the ratio of products to reactants remains the same as it was before the disturbance. A(aq) B(aq) + C(aq) If then rxn shifts ← 6.0 M HCI Consider another situation where the concentration of A is increased. The ratio of products to reactants, as calculated in Eq. 2, would change to keep K, constant. In order to determine the directionality of the shift that would need to occur, we need to determine what equilibrium concentrations would cause Kc to attain the value it had before the disturbance. (i.e. Does the concentration of reactants or products need to increase to account for the change in concentration?) This analysis of how the equilibrium shifts as the system is disturbed can be summarized by Le Chatelier's Principle, which states: When a system that is in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to a disturbance that upsets the equilibrium, the system undergoes a change that counteracts the disturbance and, if possible, restores equilibrium.¹ In addition to changes in concentration, a system in equilibrium can also be disturbed by changes in pressure or volume (gas systems) with no change to the equilibrium constant. Temperature changes can also disturb the equilibrium of a system (exothermic vs. endothermic) but unlike with the other disturbances, the value of Kc changes with temperature. The following experiments will look more closely at specific disturbances of systems in equilibrium. 12.01CH 2 cobalt(II) chloride
Transcribed Image Text:6:22 kud21.kutztown.edu 1 of 4 Observations will be made and chemical formulas will be predicted for the ions present in solution. Three separate systems will be studied: Acid-Base Indicator, Complex lon, and Gas Phase Equilibria. Theory Before focusing on specific examples, first consider the general reaction: A(aq) B(aq) + C(aq) (1) where A, B, and C are molecules or ions in solution. If these species are in equilibrium, their concentrations are related by an equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction at a given temperature. The mass action expression for the general reaction above is as follows: [B][C] [Alq =K₂ .5G − + - (2) and can be used to calculate Kc from the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products. The subscript eq refers to the concentration of a reactant or product at equilibrium. Equilibrium, not initial, concentrations are used to compute Ke. If a change occurs i one of the reactant or product concentration, then changes in equilibrium concentrations of all the components will occur. For example, what if the concentration of A decreases? Remember, K, is a constant (at a specific temperature)! Materials If [A] has decreased, the reaction equilibrium must shift to the left to replenish the missing A so that the ratio of products to reactants remains the same as it was before the disturbance. A(aq) B(aq) + C(aq) If then rxn shifts ← 6.0 M HCI Consider another situation where the concentration of A is increased. The ratio of products to reactants, as calculated in Eq. 2, would change to keep K, constant. In order to determine the directionality of the shift that would need to occur, we need to determine what equilibrium concentrations would cause Kc to attain the value it had before the disturbance. (i.e. Does the concentration of reactants or products need to increase to account for the change in concentration?) This analysis of how the equilibrium shifts as the system is disturbed can be summarized by Le Chatelier's Principle, which states: When a system that is in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to a disturbance that upsets the equilibrium, the system undergoes a change that counteracts the disturbance and, if possible, restores equilibrium.¹ In addition to changes in concentration, a system in equilibrium can also be disturbed by changes in pressure or volume (gas systems) with no change to the equilibrium constant. Temperature changes can also disturb the equilibrium of a system (exothermic vs. endothermic) but unlike with the other disturbances, the value of Kc changes with temperature. The following experiments will look more closely at specific disturbances of systems in equilibrium. 12.01CH 2 cobalt(II) chloride
3 at 6:19 PM Given the generic reaction, Name: Systems in Chemical Equilibrium I A(aq) + B(aq) (> C(aq) 1. Write the mass action expression for Kc, the equilibrium constant.
Transcribed Image Text:3 at 6:19 PM Given the generic reaction, Name: Systems in Chemical Equilibrium I A(aq) + B(aq) (> C(aq) 1. Write the mass action expression for Kc, the equilibrium constant.
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