Groups 9, 10, and 11 all had H1N1 variants that caused a largenumber of infections at the same time in Taiwan. Does this meanthat the scientists’ hypothesis, that new variants cause new wavesof infection, was incorrect? Explain your answer.
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Groups 9, 10, and 11 all had H1N1 variants that caused a large
number of infections at the same time in Taiwan. Does this mean
that the scientists’ hypothesis, that new variants cause new waves
of infection, was incorrect? Explain your answer.
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- What is the signifi cance of a virus that can directly infect humans from chickens? Why do you think that the 1997 threat did not turn into a pandemic?What was “the scariest moment of the Ebola epidemic” and why? A. When it was found in India - because of the high population density there. B. When it was found in Lagos - a city with the population of three African countries combined. C. When it was found in the U.S. D. When it became undetectable - because it had obviously mutated to hide itself.From a global health viewpoint howdoes HIV/AIDS fit into either the ecological/evolutionary model of disease or the political-economy model of disease?
- Hookworm infection 1845 in Florida Where did the disease originate? What impact did it have on the individuals living in the effected areas? How was the disease spread? How did individuals combat the disease? What reforms were initiated after the event? Your research must contain one location in the U.S. or Colonial America that experienced an outbreak.Why do you think there are no longer polio cases in the US, but there are some cases of influenza?Zika virus infection, a zoonotic disease, produced somewhat sizable outbreaks recently in certain areas of Central America, but not in the U.S (although there were some infected individuals uncovered in the U.S.). Provide two plausible explanations for this dichotomy, and explain
- There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. If you were traveling in Europe, would you eat beef? Give sound reasons why or why not.There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. What measures have been taken to stop BSE?During this COVID 19 pandemic, in addition to vaccine production, how couldbiotechnology provide solutions to the associated problems brought by the continuedpersistence of the virus.
- Topic is SARS-CoV-2 Describe how mutations or genetic variation contributed to either: the evolution of your pathogen (or) the host’s chance of resisting the pathogen or surviving the infection If applicable, you can also discuss how genetic variation or mutation have made it difficult (or easy) to treat infection caused by your pathogen.Why can bird flu H5N1 infect humans?The book "Spillover" by David Quammen mentions the significance of anecdotal evidence from locals who've experienced isolated outbreaks. Give an example from the book of such evidence and how it is actually valuable to scientists, even if accounts are second- or third hand. How was anecdotal evidence used to understand the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic? Give two specific examples.