Hector's Camera Shop has prepared the following flexible budget for September and is in the process of interpreting the variances. F denotes a favorable variance and U denotes an unfavorable variance. Material A Material B Material C Flexible Budget $20,000 30,000 40,000 -Variances- Price $1,000U 500F 1,400U Efficiency $1,200F 800U 1,000F
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- Marten Company has a cost-benefit policy to investigate any variance that is greater than 1,000 or 10% of budget, whichever is larger. Actual results for the previous month indicate the following: The company should investigate: a. neither the materials variance nor the labor variance. b. the materials variance only. c. the labor variance only. d. both the materials variance and the labor variance.Kavallia Company set a standard cost for one item at 328,000; allowable deviation is 14,500. Actual costs for the past six months are as follows: Required: 1. Calculate the variance from standard for each month. Which months should be investigated? 2. What if the company uses a two-part rule for investigating variances? The allowable deviation is the lesser of 4 percent of the standard amount or 14,500. Now which months should be investigated?In all of the exercises involving variances, use F and U to designate favorable and unfavorable variances, respectively. E8-1 through E8-5 use the following data: The standard operating capacity of Tecate Manufacturing Co. is 1,000 units. A detailed study of the manufacturing data relating to the standard production cost of one product revealed the following: 1. Two pounds of materials are needed to produce one unit. 2. Standard unit cost of materials is 8 per pound. 3. It takes one hour of labor to produce one unit. 4. Standard labor rate is 10 per hour. 5. Standard overhead (all variable) for this volume is 4,000. Each case in E8-1 through E8-5 requires the following: a. Set up a standard cost summary showing the standard unit cost. b. Analyze the variances for materials and labor. c. Make journal entries to record the transfer to Work in Process of: 1. Materials costs 2. Labor costs 3. Overhead costs (When making these entries, include the variances.) d. Prepare the journal entry to record the transfer of costs to the finished goods account. Standard unit cost; variance analysis; journal entries 1,000 units were started and finished. Case 1: All prices and quantities for the cost elements are standard, except for materials cost, which is 8.50 per pound. Case 2: All prices and quantities for the cost elements are standard, except that 1,900 lb of materials were used.
- At the end of the current fiscal year, the trial balance of Big Apple Inc. revealed the following debit (unfavorable) balances: Flexible-Budget Variance — $2,000 Production–Volume Variance — $75,000 What conclusions can be drawn from these two variances?The normal capacity of a manufacturing plant is 30,000 direct labor hours or 20,000 units per month. Standard fixed costs are 6,000, and variable costs are 12,000. Data for two months follow: For each month, make a single journal entry to charge overhead to Work in Process, to close Factory Overhead, and to record variances. Indicate the types of variances and state whether each is favorable or unfavorable. (Hint: You must first compute the flexible-budget and production-volume variances.)The management of Golding Company has determined that the cost to investigate a variance produced by its standard cost system ranges from 2,000 to 3,000. If a problem is discovered, the average benefit from taking corrective action usually outweighs the cost of investigation. Past experience from the investigation of variances has revealed that corrective action is rarely needed for deviations within 8% of the standard cost. Golding produces a single product, which has the following standards for materials and labor: Actual production for the past 3 months follows, with the associated actual usage and costs for materials and labor. There were no beginning or ending raw materials inventories. Required: 1. What upper and lower control limits would you use for materials variances? For labor variances? 2. Compute the materials and labor variances for April, May, and June. Identify those that would require investigation by comparing each variance to the amount of the limit computed in Requirement 1. Compute the actual percentage deviation from standard. Round all unit costs to four decimal places. Round variances to the nearest dollar. Round variance rates to three decimal places so that percentages will show to one decimal place. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Let the horizontal axis be time and the vertical axis be variances measured as a percentage deviation from standard. Draw horizontal lines that identify upper and lower control limits. Plot the labor and material variances for April, May, and June. Prepare a separate graph for each type of variance. Explain how you would use these graphs (called control charts) to assist your analysis of variances.
- Flexible budgeting and variance analysis Im Really Cold Coat Company makes womens and mens coats. Both products require filler and lining material. The following planning information has been made available: Im Really Cold Coat Company does not expect there to be any beginning or ending inventories of filler and lining material. At the end of the budget year, Im Really Cold Coat Company experienced the following actual results: The expected beginning inventory and desired ending inventory were realized. Instructions 1. Prepare the following variance analyses for both coats and the total, based on the actual results and production levels at the end of the budget year: A. Direct materials price, quantity, and total variance. B. Direct labor rate, time, and total variance. 2. Why are the standard amounts in part (1) based on the actual production at the end of the year instead of the planned production at the beginning of the year?A firm comparing the actual variable costs of producing 10,000 units with the total variable costs of a static budget based on 9,000 units would probably see a. no variances. b. small favorable variances. c. large unfavorable variances. d. large favorable variances. e. small unfavorable variances.Madison Company uses the following rule to determine whether direct labor efficiency variances ought to be investigated. A direct labor efficiency variance will be investigated anytime the amount exceeds the lesser of 12,000 or 10 percent of the standard labor cost. Reports for the past five weeks provided the following information: Required: 1. Using the rule provided, identify the cases that will be investigated. 2. Suppose that investigation reveals that the cause of an unfavorable direct labor efficiency variance is the use of lower quality direct materials than are usually used. Who is responsible? What corrective action would likely be taken? 3. Suppose that investigation reveals that the cause of a significant favorable direct labor efficiency variance is attributable to a new approach to manufacturing that takes less labor time but causes more direct materials waste. Upon examining the direct materials usage variance, it is discovered to be unfavorable, and it is larger than the favorable direct labor efficiency variance. Who is responsible? What action should be taken? How would your answer change if the unfavorable variance were smaller than the favorable?
- Using variance analysis and interpretation Last year, Endicott Corp. adopted a standard cost system. Labor standards were set on the basis of time studies and prevailing wage rates. Materials standards were determined from materials specifications and the prices then in effect. On June 30, the end of the current fiscal year, a partial trial balance revealed the following: Standards set at the beginning of the year have remained unchanged. All inventories are priced at standard cost. What conclusions can be drawn from each of the four variances shown in Endicotts trial balance?Flexible budgeting and variance analysis I Love My Chocolate Company makes dark chocolate and light chocolate. Both products require cocoa and sugar. The following planning information has been made available: I Love My Chocolate Company does not expect there to be any beginning or ending inventories of cocoa or sugar. At the end of the budget year, I Love My Chocolate Company had the following actual results: Instructions 1. Prepare the following variance analyses for both chocolates and the total, based on the actual results and production levels at the end of the budget year: A. Direct materials price, quantity, and total variance. B. Direct labor rate, time, and total variance. 2. Why are the standard amounts in part (1) based on the actual production for the year instead of the planned production for the year?Using variance analysis and interpretation Last year, Wrigley Corp. adopted a standard cost system. Labor standards were set on the basis of time studies and prevailing wage rates. Materials standards were determined from materials specifications and the prices then in effect. On June 30, the end of the current fiscal year, a partial trial balance revealed the following: Standards set at the beginning of the year have remained unchanged. All inventories are priced at standard cost. What conclusions can be drawn from each of the four variances shown in Wrigleys trial balance?