Holstein cattle are normally black and white. A superbblack-and-white bull, Charlie, was purchased by a farmerfor $100,000. All the progeny sired by Charlie were normal in appearance. However, certain pairs of his progeny,when interbred, produced red-and-white progeny at afrequency of about 25 percent. Charlie was soon removedfrom the stud lists of the Holstein breeders. Use symbolsto explain precisely why.

Holstein cattle are normally black and white. A superbblack-and-white bull, Charlie, was purchased by a farmerfor $100,000. All the progeny sired by Charlie were normal in appearance. However, certain pairs of his progeny,when interbred, produced red-and-white progeny at afrequency of about 25 percent. Charlie was soon removedfrom the stud lists of the Holstein breeders. Use symbolsto explain precisely why.

Name: Holstein cattle are normally black and white. A superbblack-and-white
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Description: Holstein cattle are normally black and white. A superbblack-and-white bull, Charlie, was purchased by a farmerfor $100,000. All the progeny sired by Charlie were normal in appearance. However, certain pairs of his progeny,when interbred, produced red

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter5: The Inheritance Of Complex Traits

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2QP: The text outlines some of the problems Frederick William I encountered in his attempt to breed tall...

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Mendel studied a tall variety of pea plants with stemsthat are 20 cm long and a dwarf variety with stems thatare only 12 cm long.a. Under blending theory, how long would you expectthe stems of first and second hybrids to be?b. Under Mendelian rules and assuming stem lengthis controlled by a single gene, what would you expectto observe in the second-generation hybrids if all thefirst-generation hybrids were tall?
Duroc Jersey pigs are typically red, but a sandy variation is alsoseen. When two different varieties of true-breeding sandy pigswere crossed to each other, they produced F1 offspring that werered. When these F1 offspring were crossed to each other, they produced red, sandy, and white pigs in a 9:6:1 ratio. Explain this pattern of inheritance.
Wooly hair is a rare dominant trait found in people of Scandinavian descent in which the hair resembles the wool of a sheep. Amale with wooly hair, who has a mother with straight hair, movesto an island that is inhabited by people who are not of Scandinavian descent. Assuming that no other Scandinavians immigrate tothe island, what is the probability that a great-grandchild of thismale will have wooly hair? (Hint: You may want to draw a pedigree to help you figure this out.) If this wooly-haired male haseight great-grandchildren, what is the probability that one out ofeight will have wooly hair?
In one study, Gregor Mendel crossed yellow-seeded, tall garden pea with a green-seeded,short garden pea. The F1 offspring were all yellow-seeded and tall. Assumingindependent assortment of these two genes, what phenotypes and proportions did he finamong F2 offspring when the F1 garden peas are allowed to fertilize themselves? Show the solution with punnett square.
In oats, the color of the chaff is determined by a two-gene interaction. When a true-breeding black chaff plant was crossed to a truebreeding white chaff plant, the F1 generation was composed of allblack chaff plants. When the F1 offspring were crossed to eachother, the ratio produced was 12 black to 3 gray to 1 white. First,construct a Punnett square that accounts for this pattern of inheritance. Which genotypes produce the gray chaff phenotype? Second,at the level of protein function, how would you explain this type ofinheritance?
In Mendel’s 1866 publication as shown in Figure 1-4,he reports 705 purple-flowered (violet) offspring and224 white-flowered offspring. The ratio he obtained is3.15:1 for purple: white. How do you think he explainedthe fact that the ratio is not exactly 3:1?
A student whose hobby was fishing pulled a very unusual carp out of Cayuga Lake: It had no scales on itsbody. She decided to investigate whether this strangenude phenotype had a genetic basis. She therefore obtained some inbred carp that were pure-breeding forthe wild-type scale phenotype (body covered withscales in a regular pattern) and crossed them with hernude fish. To her surprise, the F1 progeny consistedof a 1:1 ratio of wild-type fish and fish with a singlelinear row of scales on each side.a. Can a single gene with two alleles account for thisresult? Why or why not?b. To follow up on the first cross, the student allowedthe linear fish from the F1 generation to mate witheach other. The progeny of this cross consisted offish with four phenotypes: linear, wild type, nude,and scattered (the latter had a few scales scattered irregularly on the body). The ratio of these phenotypeswas 6:3:2:1, respectively. How many genes appear tobe involved in determining these phenotypes?c. In…
. A black mare was crossed to a chestnut stallion andproduced a bay son and a bay daughter. The two offspring were mated to each other several times, andthey produced offspring of four different coat colors:black, bay, chestnut, and liver. Crossing a liver grandson back to the black mare gave a black foal,and crossing a liver granddaughter back to the chestnut stallion gave a chestnut foal. Explain how coatcolor is being inherited in these horses.
In Figure 2-19, assume that the pedigree is for mice, inwhich any chosen cross can be made. If you bred IV-1with IV-3, what is the probability that the first baby willshow the recessive phenotype?
Three coat-color patterns that occur in some breeds of horses aretermed cremello (beige), chestnut (brown), and palomino (goldenwith light mane and tail). If two palomino horses are mated, theyproduce about 1/4 cremello, 1/4 chestnut, and 1/2 palomino offspring. In contrast, cremello horses and chestnut horses breed true.(In other words, two cremello horses will produce only cremellooffspring, and two chestnut horses will produce only chestnut offspring.) Explain this pattern of inheritance.
A dark-red strain and a white strain of wheat are crossed andproduce an intermediate, medium-red F1. When the F1 plants areinterbred, an F2 generation is produced in a ratio of 1 dark-red:4 medium-dark-red: 6 medium-red: 4 light-red: 1 white. Furthercrosses reveal that the dark-red and white F2 plants are truebreeding. How many additive alleles are needed to produce each possiblephenotype?
For all seven characters described in the data of Mendel allowed the F2 plants to self-fertilize. He found that whenF2 plants with recessive traits were crossed to each other, theyalways bred true. However, when F2 plants with dominant traitswere crossed, some bred true but others did not. A summary ofMendel’s results is shown to the right When considering the data in this table, keep in mind that theydescribe the characteristics of the F2 generation parents that haddisplayed a dominant phenotype. These data were deduced byanalyzing the outcome of the F3 generation. Based on Mendel’slaws, explain why the ratios were approximately 1:2