How Cournot and Stackelberg models are different? In Cournot profits are zero and in Stackelberg profits are zero. In Stackelberg, both firms make output decisions simultaneously, and in Cournot, one firm sets its output level first. In Cournot, a firm has the opportunity to react to its rival. In Cournot, both firms make output decisions simultaneously, and in Stackelberg, one firm sets its output level first.
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- Suppose Toyota and Honda must decide whether to make a new breed of side-impact airbags standard equipment on all models. Side-impact airbags raise the price of each automobile by $1,000. If both firms make side-impact airbags standard equipment, each company will earn profits of $0.5 billion. If neither company adopts the side-impact airbag technology, each company will earn $1.5 billion. If one company adopts the technology as standard equipment and the other does not, the adopting company will earn a profit of $2 billion and the other company will earn $-1 billion.If you were a decision maker at Honda, would you make side-impact airbags standard equipment?multiple choice 1 There is not enough information to answer the question. No Yes If Toyota and Honda were able to cooperate, would you expect this same outcome?multiple choice 2 Yes No There is not enough information to answer the question.Two airlines, Dragon Airline and Phoenix Airline, provide direct flight service to a city and tend to compete for the same group of travellers. They are contemplating changing their airfares to earn more profit. If both airlines raise their airfares, Dragon Airline will earn $800m while Phoenix Airline will earn $400m in profit. If both airlines reduce their airfares, Dragon Airline will earn $650m while Phoenix Airline will earn $550m in profit. If Dragon Airline raises its airfare while Phoenix Airline reduces its airfare, Dragon Airline will earn $200m while Phoenix Airline will earn $350m in profit. If Dragon Airline reduces its airfare while Phoenix Airline raises its airfare, Dragon Airline will earn $300m while Phoenix Airline will earn $250m in profit. Construct the payoff matrix in terms of profit for the two pricing strategies. Apply a game theory concept and solve this game using the Nash equilibrium method. Explain how you derive your answers and also whether this game is a…What is the difference between collusion and competition? Group of answer choices 1-Competition is when firms operate independently. Collusion is when firms in the oligopoly market structure try to invite new entrants into the market to make it more competitive. 2-Collusion is when firms act together in ways to reduce output, keep prices high, and divide up markets. Competition is when firms operate independently. 3-Competition firms follow the price changes and product changes of the dominant firm in an oligopolistic market. Collusion is when firms operate independently. 4-Collusion is when firms follow the price changes and product changes of the dominant firm in an oligopolistic market.Competition is when firms operate independently.
- Joe and Rebecca are small-town ready-mix concrete duopolists. The market demand function is Qd = 10,000 – 100P, where P is the price of a cubic yard of concrete and Qd is the number of cubic yards demanded per year. Marginal cost is $25 per cubic yard. Suppose that Joe and Rebecca compete in quantities and competition in this market is described by Cournot model. What are Joe and Rebecca’s Nash equilibrium outputs? What is the resulting price? What do they each earn as profit? How does the price compare to the marginal cost? Joe and Rebecca are small-town ready-mix concrete duopolists. The market demand function is Qd = 10,000 – 100P, where P is the price of a cubic yard of concrete and Qd is the number of cubic yards demanded per year. Marginal cost is $25 per cubic yard. Suppose that Joe and Rebecca compete in quantities and competition in this market is described by Cournot model. What are Joe and Rebecca’s Nash equilibrium outputs? What is the resulting price? What do they each…Which of the following statements about the classic Cournot duopoly model is incorrect? 1)The products of the two firms are homogeneous. 2) It is a static game with complete information. 3) The two firms decide on their prices and let their quantities be dictated demand conditions. 4) There exist examples that have unique Nash equilibrium points.Consider a duopolistic market in which the two identical firms compete by selecting their quantities. The inverse market demand is P(Q) = 210−Q and each firm has a marginal cost of $15 per unit. Assume that fixed costs are negligible for both firms. Cournot Model Determine the Nash-Cournot equilibrium for this market.(Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.) Firm 1's quantity: q1= ? units. Firm 2's quantity: q2 = ? units. Market price: P= ? Stackelberg Model Determine the Nash-Stackelberg equilibrium for this market, assuming that Firm 1 is the Stackelberg leader. (Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.) Firm 1's quantity: q1 = ? units Firm 2s quantity: q2 = ? units. Market price: P = ?
- How would the Cournot equilibrium change in the airline example if American's marginal cost were $90 and United's were $180? The demand the duopoly quantity-setting firms face is Q=339−p with an inverse demand function of p=339−1qA −1qU where qA is the quantity produced by American and qU is the quantity produced by United. The Cournot-Nash equilibrium occurs where qA equals ? enter your response here and qU equals? enter your response here. (enter numeric responses using integers) Furthermore, the equilibrium occurs at a price of ? (round your answer to the nearest penny)Collusive outcome versus Nash equilibrium Consider a remote town in which two restaurants, All-You-Can-Eat Café and GoodGrub Diner, operate in a duopoly. Both restaurants disregard health and safety regulations, but they continue to have customers because they are the only restaurants within 80 miles of town. Both restaurants know that if they clean up, they will attract more customers, but this also means that they will have to pay workers to do the cleaning. If neither restaurant cleans, each will earn $14,000; alternatively, if they both hire workers to clean, each will earn only $11,000. However, if one cleans and the other doesn't, more customers will choose the cleaner restaurant; the cleaner restaurant will make $18,000, and the other restaurant will make only $6,000. Complete the following payoff matrix using the information just given. (Note: All-You-Can-Eat Café and GoodGrub Diner are both profit-maximizing firms.) Attached the 08 tables need a solution If…Suppose Toyota and Honda must decide whether to make a new breed of side-impact airbags standard equipment on all models. Side-impact airbags raise the price of each automobile by $1,000. If both firms make side-impact airbags standard equipment, each company will earn profits of $2.5 billion. If neither company adopts the side-impact airbag technology, each company will earn $1 billion (due to lost sales to other automakers). If one company adopts the technology as standard equipment and the other does not, the adopting company will earn a profit of $3 billion and the other company will lose $1.5 billion. If you were a decision maker at Honda, would you make side-impact airbags standard equipment? Explain.
- Synergy and Dynaco are the only two firms in a specific high-tech industry. They face the following payoff matrix as they decide upon the size of their research budget: Synergy's Decision Large Budget Small Budget Dynaco's Decision Large Budget $20 million, $25 million $15 million, $0 Small Budget $0, $60 million $25 million, $30 million If Synergy believes Dynaco will go with a large budget, it will choose a budget. If Synergy believes Dynaco will go with a small budget, it will choose a budget. Therefore, Synergy a dominant strategy. If Dynaco believes Synergy will go with a large budget, it will choose a budget. If Dynaco believes Synergy will go with a small budget, it will choose a budget. Therefore, Dynaco a dominant strategy. True or False: There is a Nash equilibrium for this scenario. (Hint: Look closely at the definition of Nash equilibrium.) True FalseA homogenous-good duopoly faces an inverse market demand function of p = 150 − Q. Assume that both firms face the same constant marginal cost, MC1 = MC2 = 30. Calculate the output of each firm, the market output, and the market price in a Nash-Cournot equilibrium Re-solve part (a) assuming that the marginal cost of firm 1 falls to MC1 =20 Explain what will happen to each firm’s output, the market output, and the market price if the two firms can collude (e.g., form a cartel)Consider a market with two drink manufacturers, Cola and Pepsi. In the following event, each firm can choose either to launch a new product or stay with the old model. If both firms launch new products, the payoffs are -40 to each firm. If Cola chooses the new model and its opponent chooses the old, the payoffs are 200 for Cola and 30 for Pepsi. If Pepsi chooses the new model and Cola chooses the old, the payoffs are 40 for Cola and 80 for Pepsi. Both firms get a payoff of 40 if they stay with the old. As a result, the payoffs are given by the following unfinished table. The first payoff is for Cola. Pepsi Cola Old New Old Blank 1 Blank 2 New Blank 3 Blank 4 Which is corect mising payoff blank 1-4 ?