How do viroids and prions differ from viruses?

Q: Which of the following can reduce your "foodprint" on the environment? 1. Decrease plant-based…

A: 2&3

Q: Identify three characteristics used to classify viruses.

A:

Q: Describe the two groups of invertebrate chordates, and draw atree showing how they relate to one…

A: Chordates contains two classes of invertebrates and one class of vertebrate. Invertebrates include…

Q: What is the continuous challenge that the influenza virus presents toscientists and public health…

A: Influenza refers to an acute respiratory illness that spreads from zoonotic reservoirs among aquatic…

Q: Prions (a) consist of RNA with no protein coat (b) are misfolded proteins (c) cause several…

A: A prion is described as a type of protein that has the ability to trigger the normal proteins that…

Q: In addition to phagocytosis, neutrophils use a process called NETs.  Which one of the following…

A: Introduction NETs were first described as a type of innate pathogen defence system that may trap…

Q: Components Low blood sugar level High blood sugar level sensor G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRS)…

A: The control of blood sugar by insulin is an example of a negative feedback mechanism. Glucose…

Q: eukaryote cell typically has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 90 seconds. What would…

A: Eukaryotes are life forms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. There…

Q: 18. Which of the following entities has the largest interaction cross-section (most likely to…

A: Tissues are group of cells having similar function and structure.

Q: About the process of industrial production of ethanol by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mark…

A: The industrial production of ethanol is done anaerobically by yeast. During the fermentation process…

Q: 3. One indication of the relative importance of various ATP-producing pathways is the Vmax of…

A: I gave you the answers below.

Q: Describe the mode of entry and method of reproduction of each representative trematodes…

A: * Schistosoma japonicum male worms are yellow in colour which measures about 12mm by 0.5mm with…

Q: with spines b. with thorns c. with stinging trichomes d. with cutin or waxy leaves  Plants to…

A: Physical defense are a first line of protection for some plants. These defense make it challenging…

Q: The number of high energy molecules. / [ Choose ] arrangements (do not count ADP). The number of…

A: Metabolic cycle- are reactions that occurs in body to make products in smallest forms.

Q: 20. in differential translation, a different transcript may be recovered depending on which TATA box…

A: Translation: The process through which RNA codes for specific proteins is known as translation. It…

Q: 1. Which of the following Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors has a mechanism of action similar…

A: *NOTE: Kindly repost for other questions Dear Student as per the guidelines we are supposed to…

Q: What is the purpose of the Map Kinase Cascade?

A: Cell signalling is a phenomenon of taking up information from the environment , and crosses through…

Q: Arrange the statements in their proper order by writing the corresponding letter (e.g. A) for each…

A: mRNAs contain a transcribed copy of the DNA sequence with a terminal 5′-triphosphate group and a…

Q: Which is true of Prokaryote cells? A) Because their DNA exists in a nucleoid area, the synthesis of…

A: A prokaryote is a cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other…

Q: .  What are the F1 phenotypes from the following crosses:

A: One of the first convincing examples of cytoplasmic inheritance is the inheritance of leaf…

Q: 3. The immune system immediately attacks a transplanted tissue or organ, so transplant recipients…

A: Introduction :- Transplant rejection occurs when the immune system of a transplant recipient attacks…

Q: Response to a signal includes: O Gene expression O Metabolic activity O Membrane permeability…

A: Introduction Cell signaling is the process in which different cells in the body of an organism…

Q: determine if the species is regular/irregular   Regular/Irregular Hydrangea macrophylla…

A: Introduction Regular flower:- When the floral parts of each whorl of a flower are similar in size…

Q: how has climate change affected the US

A: Climate change affected the United States.

Q: DNA transcription may be selectively regulated through alteration of the rate of protein synthesis…

A: Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new…

Q: In control of ventilation, which of the following is the most important?   PCO2 in the blood PO2 in…

A: The physiological systems involved in controlling breathing, or the passage of air into and out of…

Q: One of your friends has anemia. They consistently complain of higher levels of fatigue when you go…

A: The heart is a muscular organ the size of a fist that sits directly behind and somewhat to the left…

Q: A massive die-off of lobsters in the Long Island Soundwas blamed on pesticides sprayed to control…

A: Introduction Mosquitoes belong to the Culicidae family, which contains almost 3,600 species of tiny…

Q: Dideoxy sequencing is one of the most important methods for DNA sequencing. What could be the impact…

A: The biological methods for establishing the arrangement of the nucleotides in a DNA oligonucleotide…

Q: 1. Nutrigenomics is the study of how diet and gene expression interact throug molecular mechanisms.…

A: Epigenetic modifications are alterations in the genes without changing the exact or original DNA…

Q: Which of the following depicts an epigenetic change? 1. Green, variegated, and albino Agave plants…

A: Epigenetic means the trait which is not inherited but is controlled by surrounding factors. It…

Q: How can one cell give rise to different types of cells? Support your explanation with embryologic…

A: In embryological evidence , all sexually reproducing organisms start their lives from a single cell,…

Q: Hazards consist of FIVE (5) major elements which are chemical, physical, biological, psychosocial…

A: There are various types of Hazards. Chemical, biological, physical, egronomical and psychosocial…

Q: Which of the following statements BEST explains the relationship between the parts of genetic…

A: The hereditary substance in humans and almost all other animals is DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid.…

Q: 39. the mouse REST gene is under the control of a promoter region which contains alternative…

A: Alternative promoter is an alternative region from which the transcripts of a gene originate. The…

Q: in the fruit fly, genes for rRNA can be replicated more or less often compared to the rest of the…

A: The regulation of the quantities of protein generated from its mRNA is known as translational…

Q: Normal vision father X normal vision ( carrier) mother

A:

Q: the cytoplasmic membrane is universally similar across the three Domains of life. Discuss this…

A: The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane (PM) or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological…

Q: List some causes of the ongoing decline in amphibian diversity.

A: Introduction Amphibians are tetrapod animals that are ectothermic and belong to the class Amphibia.…

Q: How has “success” been defined? Where would the success be manifested—in individuals, in…

A: Success is defined as achievement of a desired outcome in an acceptable manner.

Q: 9. Some biologists contend that the term double fertilization is a misnomer and that the process…

A: Fertlizatiion is the process of the male gamete, sperm, fusing with the female gamete, the ovum,…

Q: Which of the following replication enzymes will most likely be involved in COVID19 RNA replication?…

A: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the most common type of virus in the Nidovirales order, which comprises the…

Q: You are a legislator in a nation with no endangered species act. You want to introduce a law to…

A: Extinction is the extinction of a species or group of taxa. The death of the last member of a…

Q: structures of organic compounds allow them to function as pigme

A:

Q: discuss the use of linkage maps, bionano optical mapping and Hi-C for assembly.

A: * Linkage map also called as a genetic map which is an table for a experimental population that…

Q: 11. What is the value or r between individuals A and B? 12. What is the value or r between…

A:

Q: Whar are the Microscopic (Organized and Unorganized) Urine Sediments which are significant…

A: The sediments found in the urine causes urinary tract infection. The type of the sediment helps us…

Q: statement is true. Both statements are false. 1. Epigenetics does not consider how exposure to…

A: Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviour and environment can influence how your genes…

Q: Why is solely cutting calories not as efficient as cutting calories and exercise? O Reduced resting…

A: Diet and exercise are both important for optimal health. Achieving a calorie deficit through diet…

Q: Classical evolutionary theory assumed that changeleads to improvement. T or F

A: This statement is indeed true since the earlier evolutionary scientists believed that change is what…

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.