How does the binding of a hormone to a receptor activate a G-protein? a. It replaces bound GDP with GTP. b. It’s magic. c. It replaces bound GTP for GDP. d. A and B. e. None of the above.
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a. It replaces bound GDP with GTP.
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b. It’s magic.
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c. It replaces bound GTP for GDP.
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d. A and B.
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e. None of the above.
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- When a chemical signal binds to an intracellular receptor ... a) ... it leads to the activation of G proteins. b) ... causes the receptor-hormone complex to open or close ion channels. c) ... the cell reacts faster than when a chemical signal binds to membrane-bound receptors. d) ... it leads to the formation of mRNA. e) ... the chemical signal is usually a large, water-soluble molecule.A new antagonist molecule has been discovered that binds to and blocks plasma membrane receptors. What effect will this antagonist have on testosterone, a steroid hormone? a. It will block testosterone from binding to its receptor. b. It will block testosterone from activating cAMP signaling. c. It will increase testosterone-mediated signaling. d. It will not affect testosterone-mediated signaling.Which of the following observations can be explained by the properties of hormone receptors? a) A certain tissue can react to more than one hormone b) A certain hormone affects only a specific tissue, not all tissues c) Some tissues react very quickly to a certain hormone, other tissues take many hours to react to the same hormone
- According to the second messenger hypothesis, the second messenger is theea. Receptor located on the cell membrane b. Hormone carrying the signal to the target organ c. Intracellular chemical messenger d. Receptor located in the cell nucleus e. All of the above Which hormone has a receptor that is structurally similar to estrogen receptor? a. Insulin b. Epinephrine c. FSH d. Thyroid hormoneA hormone signals through a G protein-coupled receptor as shown in the diagram. After the production of IP3, which of these events will MOST quickly stop the transduction of the signal? A. the hydrolysis of IP3 B. the hydrolysis of GTP C. the hydrolysis of PIP2 D. the hydrolysis of the hormoneA hormone signals through a G protein- coupled receptor as shown in the diagram. After the production of IP3, which of these events will MOST quickly stop the transduction of the signal? A. the hydrolysis of IP3 B. the hydrolysis of GTP C. the hydrolysis of PIP2 D. the hydrolysis of the hormone
- Endocrine downregulation ... a) ... occurs in target cells that respond to hormones that are present in constant amounts in the blood. b) ... leads to the increased sensitivity of the target organ to the hormone. c) ... leads to a decrease in the number of receptors in the target cell. d)... occurs in part due to increased receptor synthesis in the target cell.which of the following happens when a therapeutic synthetic homone is introduced intno the body to treat patients natural hormone insufficiency?(select all that apply) A. The target cell responds the same way as when the hormone is natural B. the synthetic hormone has no effect on the target tissues C. the amount of natural hormone produced by the patients body declines D. the synthetic hormone is destroyed before it can have an effect on the target tissue.One such laboratory study investigated the binding of a hormone to three different receptor proteins in the cell membrane. The data collected are shown in the table below Which of the proteins demonstrate the tightest/strongest binding of the hormone? Which demonstrates the least tight binding of the hormone? What is the basis for your answer?
- what happens when an agonist, instead of the endogenous (natural) hormone binds to the hormone recepters of a target. A. an antagonist is necessary to remove the agonist B. the agonist blockd any response in the target cell C. the cell responds by producing its own hormone D. transcription factors are blocked from binding to the promotor region E. the agonist has the same effect as the endogenous hormone.When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, A. The hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of dna. B. The cell membrane becomes less permeable. C. The cell becomes inactive. D. A second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.One advantage chemical signaling has over electrical signaling is thata. reaction to stimuli can happen very quickly.b. although it takes large amounts of chemicals, the chemical signals are efficient.c. chemical signals stick around longer than electrical signals and can be used for slow processes.d. chemical signals are used in response to external and internal stimuli.