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Ans: Epidural is a procedure in which the local anaesthesia is injected into the space around the lower spine.
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- Watch this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/diskslip) to see what it means to slip a disk. Watch this second animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/herndisc) to see one possible treatment for a herniated disc, removing and replacing the damaged disc with an artificial one that allows for movement between the adjacent certebrae. How could lifting a heavy object produce pain in a lower limb?The sternum ________. consists of only two parts, the manubrium and xiphoid process has the sternal angle located between the manubrium and body receives direct attachments from the costal cartilages of all 12 pairs of ribs articulates directly with the thoracic vertebraeThe diaphragm is a ______ muscle. a. smooth b. skeletal c. dome-shaped d. a and c
- The ischial spine is found between which of the following stnic titres? inferior pubic ramus and ischial ramus pectineal line and arcuate line lesser sciatic notch and greater sciatic notch anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spineWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/TMJ) to learn about TMJ. Opening of the mouth requires the combination of two motions at the temporomandibular joint, an anterior gliding motion of the articular disc and mandible and the downward hinging of the mandible. What is the initial movement of the mandible during opening and how much mouth opening does this produce?Watch this short video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/facialnerve) to see an examination of the facial nerve using some simple tests. The facial nerve controls the muscles of facial expression. Severe deficits will be obvious in watching someone use those muscles for normal control. One side of the face might not move like the other side. But directed tests, especially for contraction against resistance, require a formal testing of the muscles. The muscles of the upper and lower face need to be tested. The strength test in this video involves the patient squeezing her eyes shut and the examiner trying to pry her eyes open. Why does the examiner ask her to try a second time?
- The trigeminal nerve controls which group of muscles?A) muscles of facial expressionB) muscles of masticationC) muscles of the tongueD) muscles of the pharynxE) muscles of the eye Pronation and supination occur at a/the ________.A) humeroulnar jointB) radioulnar jointC) temporomandibular jointD) glenohumeral jointWhich of the following is a function of the axialskeleton?a. allows for movement of the wrist and handb. protects nerves and blood vessels at the elbowc. supports trunk of bodyd. allows for movements of the ankle and footLuke Marks is a 40-year-old male who was brought into ED by ambulance after he cameoff his motorcycle at 40km/hr after hitting a pothole in the road. The incident was calledin by a bystander, an off-duty lifeguard, who helped to stabilise his c-spine by supportinghis head (in a badly scratched helmet) and spoke to him until paramedics arrived.Handover from paramedics included: GCS 15, PERRLA, nil evidence of head injury despitea head strike, but Luke was unable to move his arms and legs and stated he had nilsensation in his legs and the sensation in his hands felt strange. The paramedics safelyremoved his helmet and safely secured a hard collar around his neck before transportinghim to hospital. Luke reported pain of 8/10 in his cervical spine but nowhere else. His vitalsigns were as follows: RR 22, SpO2 98% RA, HR 59bpm, BP 125/63 mmHg, Temp 35.7degrees.Paramedics administered 8mg IV ondansetron, 5mg s/c morphine and 250ml of NaCl(0.99%) en route.Luke has no significant medical…
- A 75 year old female recently had a right hip ORIF and is NWB and is still in the hospital. She needs to get from her hospital room into a treatment room. Will you transport her in a wheelchair or will she use an ambulation aid?A 45 year old male recently had a left meniscus surgery. He is WBAT but his knee is painful when he takes a step without an ambulation aid. What type of ambulation aid do you think the PT will first suggest he try?A&P1 Brian decided to enter a 5 mile race designed to raise money for a class trip. He did not do any preconditioning, nor has he ever jogged before. The morning after the race, Brian had so much pain in his legs that he was unable to go to school. Most of his pain was in his tibialis anterior muscle. What caused his pain?