How much autonomous spending is needed to cover a $5 trillion output gap if the expenditure multiplier is 10 (answer in trillions to two decimal places)?
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- If the economy is currently at Q1 at $400 billion. If the economy is currently at Q3 $2000 billion Qf (full potential GDP) is at $1200 billion. MPC = .8 Calculate the simple multiplier? 2. Specifically, calculate the amount of money that should be implemented for each policy type at Q1 3. Specifically, calculate the amount of money that should be implemented for each policy type at Q3 Multiplier Equations Change in GDP = Change in Gov’t Spending * Multiplier Change in GDP = Change in Tax * Multiplier * MPC Multiplier = 1 (1-MPC)Theoretically, a decline in G such as the one in the first question leads to a change in equilibrium Y, Ye. First, give the simple equation for how much a change in autonomous government spending changes Ye. Second, we expect that the fall in G will lead to a fall in Ye that is even greater in dollars than the change in G and this will be due to the multiplier effect. Please explain how this multiplier effect (not the multiplier itself but rather the process that shows how spending ripples down through the economy) where a rise in G of $100 billion leads to a change in Ye of more than $100 billion. Once done, answer the following: if the size of the MPS rises as people become more concerned about the possible coming recession what will happen to the amount by which Ye changes with a given rise in G? Explain in words why this change makes sense.The following graph shows the total expenditure line (TE) for an economy where current equilibrium output is $400 billion and potential output is $275 billion. The economy is experiencing _________ (a contractionary gap, an inflationary gap) equal to $______ billion. To close the output gap, government purchases could _______ (increase, decreease) by _____ ($50, 150, 75) billion. Thus, the value of the multiplier for this economy is ___________ (1.6667, 1.4545, 0.6, 0.3125, 0.4545). On the previous graph, shift the TE line to show the change in total expenditure necessary to close the output gap.
- The following graph shows the total expenditure line (TE) for an economy where current equilibrium output is $350 billion and potential output is $600 billion. The economy is experiencing _________ (a contractionary gap, an inflationary gap) equal to $______ billion. To close the output gap, government purchases could _______ (increase, decrease) by _____ ($50, 150, 75) billion. Thus, the value of the multiplier for this economy is ___________ (0.7143, 0.5833, 0.4167, 1.6667, 0.6).If the Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is .90, estimate the total (multiplied) effect of government purchases/spending of $100B in the economy in terms of its aggregate expenditure (Hint: Multiplier = 1 / 1 – MPC). Calculate the net cumulative change in aggregate expenditure if taxes were cut by $200 billion and MPC is estimated to be .75. What if government expenditure was increased by $200 billion? (Hint: Total change in expenditure = multiplier x new expenditure or spending injection)Create three diagrams for the aggregate expenditures (AE) model for a public closed economy by adding different taxes. For the Diagram #1 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $6000; MPC: 0.75 Taxes: $1500;Potential Output: $16500For the Diagram #2 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $ 6000; MPC: 0.75;Taxes: $3000;Potential Output: $16500For the Diagram #3 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $6000; MPC: 0.75; Taxes: $2500Potential Output: $16500Explain each diagram by determining economic gaps and/or equilibriums. How does an increase in taxes affect GDP? How does a decrease in taxes affect GDP?
- Suppose that autonomous consumption (a) is 300, private investment spending (I) is 420,government spending (G) is 400 , Net taxes (T) are 400 and marginal propensity to consume(b) is 80 %, and marginal tax rate (t) is 25 % . By using the above information: b) Suppose that the potential income level is 2500 in the economy. In this case, what kind offiscal policy you can use to reach the full employment level. (show this numerically andexplain it on your graph)Explanation it correctly and details Q)Suppose that economists observe than an increase in government spending of $6 billion raises total demand for goods and services by $16 billion. (a) If these economists ignore the possibility of crowding out, what would they estimate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) to be? (b) Now suppose the economists allow for crowding out. Would their new estimate of the MPC be larger or smaller than the initial level? Explain your answer.3. You are given the following information about an economy: o Investment spending is 400 o Government spending is 600 o A trade deficit of 250 exists o Autonomous consumption is 300 o The mpc is 0.70 o A lump sum tax of 275 is imposed Given this information, please write the aggregate expenditures function.
- Suppose there is some hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.65 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.35. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is 0.65 , and the spending multiplier for this economy is 2.8571 . Suppose the government in this economy decides to increase government purchases by $350 billion. The increase in government spending will lead to an increase in income, creating an initial change in consumption equal to (blank). This increases income yet again, leading to a second chance in consumption equal to (blank) . The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is (blank) .Explain how MPC and the multiplier effect would impact a government’s attempt to stimulate its economy in each of the following scenarios. To stimulate the economy already in a serious recession, the government spends a total of $700 million to construct nationwide highspeed internet infrastructure so that all areas of the country, especially the rural areas will have highspeed internet service.9 In the simple macro model with government and foreign trade, if the marginal propensity to consume out of disposable income is MPC, and the net tax rate is t, and the marginal propensity to import is m, then what will be the marginal propensity to consume out of national income? What will be the simple multiplier? Please show your steps
