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- Keith Golding has decided to purchase a personal computer. He has narrowed his choices to two: Brand A and Brand B. Both brands have the same processing speed, hard disk capacity, RAM, graphics card memory, and basic software support package. Both come from companies with good reputations. The selling price for each is identical. After some review, Keith discovers that the cost of operating and maintaining Brand A over a three-year period is estimated to be 200. For Brand B, the operating and maintenance cost is 600. The sales agent for Brand A emphasized the lower operating and maintenance cost. She claimed that it was lower than any other PC brand. The sales agent for Brand B, however, emphasized the service reputation of the product. She provided Keith with a copy of an article appearing in a PC magazine that rated service performance of various PC brands. Brand B was rated number one. Based on all the information, Keith decided to buy Brand B. Required: 1. What is the total product purchased by Keith? 2. Is the Brand A company pursuing a cost leadership or differentiation strategy? The Brand B company? Explain. 3. When asked why he purchased Brand B, Keith replied, I think Brand B offered more value than Brand A. What are the possible sources of this greater value? If Keiths reaction represents the majority opinion, what suggestions could you offer to help improve the strategic position of Brand A?Mallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.A large brokerage company is assessing the introduction of a new computer system to improve routing and execution of customer orders. The managing director wants to install a new Smart Routing system, whereas another director prefers the Direct Routing system. Each machine provides the same order-execution ability and can satisfy the broker’s obligation to give investors the best possible order execution. The initial cost of each system is $170,000, but because of differing software, maintenance, and processing requirements, estimates of the after-tax costs of operation differ. These are as follows: Period Smart Routing Direct Routing 1 39,000 56,000 2 48,000 61,000 3 48,000 61,000 4…
- Premo Pens, Inc., is in the process of developing a newpen to replace its existing top-of-the-line Executive Model.Market research has identified the critical features the pen must have, and it is estimated that customers would be will-ing to pay $30 for a pen with these features. Premo’s produc-tion manager estimates that with existing equipment it will cost $26 to produce the proposed model. The current Execu-tive Model sells for $24 and has a total production cost of $20. A competitor sells a pen similar to the proposed model,but without Premo’s patented easy retract feature, for $28. Itis estimated to cost the competitor $25 to produce. If Premoseeks to earn a 20 percent return on sales on the new model,which of the following represents the target cost for the newpen?a. $26.00.b. $22.40.c. $24.00.d. $19.80.You and your team are continuing your work on the Global Treps Project. Your project sponsor, Dr. K. has asked you to refine the existing cost estimate for the project so you can evaluate supplier bids and have a solid cost baseline for evaluating project performance. Recall that your schedule and cost goals are to complete the project in six months for under $120,000. You planned to use up to $50,000 total to pay yourself and your team members, and your initial estimates were $30,000 for travel expenses, $20,000 for hardware and software, and $20,000 for organizing four events, including consultants, legal/business fees, etc.You are a head of division in Kinetic Robotics Ltd, a large robotics company, and your team has put together a project proposal to develop a new home robot. The expected NPV of the project is $17.7 million, and the project will require 50 engineers. Your division has a total of 190 engineers available, and the project must compete with the following other projects for these engineering resources:
- Hemisphere, LLC is planning to outsource its 51-person information technology (IT) department to Dyonyx. Hemisphere’s president believes this move will allow access to cutting-edge technologies and skill sets that would be cost prohibitive to obtain on its own. If it is assumed that the loaded cost of an IT employee is $100,000 per year and that Hemisphere will save 25% of this cost through outsourcing, determine the present worth of the total savings for a 5-year contract at an interest rate of 6% per year, compounded monthlyHello, EagleEye Company, a manufacturer of digital cameras, is considering entry into the digital binocular market. EagleEye Company currently does not produce binoculars of any style, so this venture would require a careful analysis of relevant manufacturing costs to correctly assess its ability to compete. The market price for this binocular style is well established at $134 per unit. EagleEye has enough square footage in its plant to accommodate the new production line, although several pieces of new equipment would be required, their estimated cost is $4,750,000. EagleEye requires a minimum ROI of 12% on any product line investment and estimates that if it enters this market with its digital binocular product at the prevailing market price, it is confident of its ability to sell 17,000 units per year. Question: Identify the costs that EagleEye Company would consider for decision of entering the digital binocular market. (Select all that apply). 1. Raw materials and direct…Hemisphere Electric Coop (HEC) is planning to outsource its 51-person information technology (IT) department to Dyonyx. HEC believes this move will allow it to have access to cutting edge technologies and skill sets that would be cost prohibitive to build on its own. If it is assumed that the loaded cost of an IT employee is $100,000 per year, and that HEC will save 25% of this cost through outsourcing, what is the present worth of the savings to HEC for a 5-year contract at an interest rate of 0.5% per month? Assume the same number of contract employees is needed as are currently employed.
- The engineering team at Manuel’s Manufacturing, Inc., is planning to purchase an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. The software and installation from Vendor A costs $380,000 initially and is expected to increase revenue $125,000 per year every year. The software and installation from Vendor B costs $280,000 and is expected to increase revenue $95,000 per year. Manuel’s uses a 4-year planning horizon and a 10% per year MARR. Based on an internal rate of return analysis, which ERP system should Manuel purchase?Perot Corporation is developing a new CPU chip based on a new type of technology. Its new chip, the Patay2 chip, will take two years to develop. However, because other chip manufacturers will be able to copy the technology, it will have a market life of two years after it is introduced. Perot expects to be able to price the chip higher in the first year, and it anticipates a significant production cost reduction after the first year as well. The relevant information for developing and selling the Patay2 is given as follows: PATAY2 CHIP PRODUCT ESTIMATES Development cost $ 20,000,000 Pilot testing $ 5,000,000 Debug $ 2,700,000 Ramp-up cost $ 3,000,000 Advance marketing $ 4,400,000 Marketing and support cost $ 1,000,000 per year Unit production cost year 1 $ 655.00 Unit production cost year 2 $ 545.00 Unit price year 1 $ 820.00 Unit price year 2 $ 650.00 Sales and production volume year 1 250,000 Sales and production volume year 2…Perot Corporation is developing a new CPU chip based on a new type of technology. Its new chip, the Patay2 chip, will take two years to develop. However, because other chip manufacturers will be able to copy the technology, it will have a market life of two years after it is introduced. Perot expects to be able to price the chip higher in the first year, and it anticipates a significant production cost reduction after the first year as well. The relevant information for developing and selling the Patay2 is given as follows: PATAY2 CHIP PRODUCT ESTIMATES Development cost $ 20,000,000 Pilot testing $ 5,000,000 Debug $ 2,800,000 Ramp-up cost $ 3,000,000 Advance marketing $ 4,600,000 Marketing and support cost $ 1,000,000 per year Unit production cost year 1 $ 655.00 Unit production cost year 2 $ 545.00 Unit price year 1 $ 820.00 Unit price year 2 $ 650.00 Sales and production volume year 1 250,000 Sales and production volume year 2 150,000 Interest rate 10 % Assume all cash flows occur…
