Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is considered an epidemic and can lead to lethal cancers. It isassessed that the risk of sexually active women to be infected sometime in their lifetime is nearly 80%.Prevalence of cervical cancer and high mortality rates, especially in developing countries, are alarming andrequire immediate attention.1. What co-factors have been identified to have roles in the progression of human papilloma virusinfection to cervical cancer?2 HPV viruses have a distinct capability to evade confrontation with the human immunesystem? Give three basic virus properties responsible for this capability.3. What is the role of vaccination in the management of HPV infections?

Human papilloma is the most common sexually transmitted disease due to skin to skin contact .Many…

Answered: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter45: Defenses Against Disease

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4ITD

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Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is considered an epidemic and can lead to lethal cancers. It is assessed that the risk of sexually active women to be infected sometime in their lifetime is nearly 80%. Prevalence of cervical cancer and high mortality rates, especially in developing countries, are alarming and require immediate attention. 1. What co-factors have been identified to have roles in the progression of human papilloma virus infection to cervical cancer?
Skin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal to that of allother cancers combined. Following is a graph [modified fromK. H. Kraemer (1997). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 94:11–14]depicting the age of onset of skin cancers in patients with orwithout XP, where the cumulative percentage of skin cancer is plotted against age. The non-XP curve is based on 29,757 cancerssurveyed by the National Cancer Institute, and the curverepresenting those with XP is based on 63 skin cancers from theXeroderma Pigmentosum Registry.
In 2016, 8625 individuals lived in the community of Viken. Eight per cent were women. Of these, 52 had womencervical cancer.Calculate the point prevalence of cervical cancer in women in the community of Viken and describe in your own wordswhat the prevalence in this case implies.
Explain the factors that reactivate the dormant herpes simplex virus (2 pts) How can a defect in p53 gene contribute to cancer development? (2 pts)
9. Which one of the following is FALSE about bacterial vaginosis? Group of answer choices it's associated with poor pregnancy outcome it's associated with endometriosis following elective abortion it' s associated with pelvic inflammatory disease low pH by normal microflora prevents colonization of pathogenic bacteria it's outcome / result of Lactobacillus acidophilus overgrowth 10. Amphotericin and Nystatin are antifungal drugs that, Group of answer choices inhibits cell wall synthesis disrupts cytoplasmic membrane inhibits protein synthesis blocks a metabolic pathway inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
Discuss the new hypothesis for pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.
Explain why the cure rate for cervical cancer is muchbetter than that for ovarian cancer
A report from the U.S. National Academy of Sciencesand the National Academy of Medicine is recommendingthat germ-line therapy trials only be consideredfor serious conditions for which there is no reasonablealternative treatment option, and where both the risk–benefit options and broad oversight are available. Is thiskind of procedure ethical?
Please answer questions 1.a, 1.b, and 1.c Question 1.a Which of the following is a limitation of RTV gene therapy? a. It can only be used on somatic cells b. The virus can repackage its RNA genome and cause widespread infection c. Random insertion of DNA into the genome can affect existing necessary genes d. The RNA genome cannot be copied into DNA Question 1.b Please choose the TRUE statement: a. Somatic cell transformation is easier than germline cell transformation b. Just like changes to the germline, changes in somatic cells are also heritable so these changes would pass onto the next generation of offspring c. In AAV, transcription and translation of the dsDNA (therapeutic DNA) uses the host machinery d. Someone with an autosomal dominant genetic disease can receive AAV or RTV as a cure Question 1.c Which of the following is the only gene therapy that does not introduce novel DNA into cells? a. RTV gene therapy b. AAV…
An investigator is interested in estimating the incidence rate of prostate cancer in the state of Louisiana. Men who have had radical prostatectomies due to findings from a previous biopsy have had their prostate removed and thus are not at risk for prostate cancer. If the investigator incorrectly failed to exclude men with radical prostatectomies from the study population, how would the observed incidence rate compare to the true incidence rate? Explain.
please very soon full explanation Question 4 Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are known to be a cause of cervical cancer. In most cases, HPV goes away on its own and does not cause any health problems. However, the worldwide HPV prevalence in cervical carcinomas is 99.7%. This indicates that HPV-negative carcinoma is extremely uncommon. In this case, HPV is which of the following? a. Neither necessary nor sufficient b. A necessary and sufficient cause c. None of the above d. A sufficient but not necessary cause e. A necessary but not sufficient cause
Figure 17.15 In 2011, the United States Preventative Services Task Force recommended against using the PSA test to screen healthy men for prostate cancer. Their recommendation is based on evidence that screening does not reduce the risk of death from prostate cancer. Prostate cancer often develops very slowly and does not cause problems, while the cancer treatment can have severe side effects. The PCA3 test is considered to be more accurate, but screening may still result in men who would not have been harmed by the cancer itself suffering side effects from treatment. What do you think? Should all healthy men be screened for prostate cancer using the PCA3 or PSA test? Should people in general be screened to find out if they have a genetic risk for cancer or other diseases?

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