Humans often survive beyond their childbearing years, which is unique among primates. The grandmother hypothesis states that human longevity beyond childbearing years is selected for because grandmothers benefit the children of their offspring. This effectively increases survivorship of the offspring of their offspring (two generations into the future). Assuming that human longevity also has a cost, e.g. reduced fecundity (number of offspring), which of the following would most likely produce selection for longer lives? (Not required, but if you are interested see this popular press story about the "evolution" of this hypothesis: http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/10/the-evolutionary-importance-of- grandmothers/264039/ 2 ) O Selection only occurs if females, and not males, have extended lives, that is why males have a shorter life expectancy O Human grandmothers must only nurture their own children and not their grandchildren Increased survival in grandchildren due to grandparents must be greater than the loss of fecundity due to extended life O Selection favoring longevity is impossible because the number of offspring is decreased

Humans often survive beyond their childbearing years, which is unique among primates. The grandmother hypothesis states that human longevity beyond childbearing years is selected for because grandmothers benefit the children of their offspring. This effectively increases survivorship of the offspring of their offspring (two generations into the future). Assuming that human longevity also has a cost, e.g. reduced fecundity (number of offspring), which of the following would most likely produce selection for longer lives? (Not required, but if you are interested see this popular press story about the "evolution" of this hypothesis: http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/10/the-evolutionary-importance-of- grandmothers/264039/ 2 ) O Selection only occurs if females, and not males, have extended lives, that is why males have a shorter life expectancy O Human grandmothers must only nurture their own children and not their grandchildren Increased survival in grandchildren due to grandparents must be greater than the loss of fecundity due to extended life O Selection favoring longevity is impossible because the number of offspring is decreased

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter1: Learning About Human Biology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4SQ: Humans are _________ (animals with backbones); like other primates, they also are _______.

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Similar questions

With all the rich diversity of the monkeys, apes, lemurs, lorises we see in our world today, how has evolution shaped these differences? (hint: think mating strategies, diet, geological/climate, etc).
While observing primates at the zoo, you notice that the particular monkey you are watching uses its hands, feet, and tail to grasp branches while moving throughout the trees in its enclosure. This is most likely a(n) A. New World monkey, because many of these species have a tail with grasping abilities similar to those observed in nonhuman primates hands and feet B. Old World monkey, because many of these species have a tail with grasping abilities similar to those observed in nonhuman primate hands and feet C. New World monkey, because these are the only monkeys that live in trees D. Lesser ape, because many of these species have a tail with grasping abilities similar to those observed in nonhuman primate hands and feet
Bipedalism has many selective advantages. However, there is one disadvantage to walking on two feet: giving birth to an offspring with a large head through a small pelvic opening, which is necessitated by an upright posture, is very difficult. This situation results in a high percentage of deaths (for mother and child) during birth compared to primates. How do you explain the selection of a trait that is both positive and negative?
Populations of independently living (unitary) animals have a char-acteristic age structure, sex ratio, and growth rate. However, these properties are difficult to measure for modular animals. Why?
Which of the following traits is unique to tarsiers among primates? live birth to singletons enclosed body orbits extreme rotation of the neck mix of nails and claws Which traits do tarsiers share with the anthropoids, indicating that they are more closely related to the anthropoids than they are to the lemurs and lorises? elongated tarsal bones dry nose more enclosed bony orbits nocturnality
Which of the following does not distinguish humans from other primates? a. We are the only primates that use tools. b. We live a long time, including well past our reproductive years (past menopause). c. We manipulate resources on a scale that is not matched by any other animal, primate or otherwise. d. We are bipedal, with non-prehensile feet.
Among all primates, humans have the A. Largest brain relative to body size B. Largest degree of sexual dimorphism C. Most moderate brain-to-body-size ratio D. Greatest number of adaptations for quadrupedal locomotion
In the animal kingdom today, poikilotherms outnumberhomeotherms by a great margin. Why is poikilothermy asuccessful way of life even though poikilotherms sometimesmust compete successfully with homeotherms to survive?
Humans as individuals have a number of disadvantages compared to other animals. For instance we are not very fast, strong, cannot see well in the dark, have a poor sense of smell and hearing compared to other animals, and we are not very good climbers. With all of these disadvantages how is it that we have been so successful? Shouldn't we have gone extinct as other humanoids such as Homo erectus? Discuss why humans have beaten the odds and are so successful.
Describe the aboreal adaptation of nonhuman primates and include specific anatomical characteristics ( mention at least three adaptations). do humans exhibit these anatomical characteritics? Explain
This West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) is an aquaticmammal. Like amphibians and reptiles, mammals are tetrapods (vertebrates with four limbs). Explain why manatees areconsidered tetrapods even though they lack hind limbs, andsuggest traits that manatees likely share with leopards andother mammals (see Figure 26.12b). Discuss how early members of the manatee lineage might have differed from today’smanatees.
The only primates with prehensile tails are New World Monkeys. True or False