Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions play important roles in stabilizing and organizing biological macromolecules. Describe how hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions affect the form and function of proteins.

Q: Why is the ionic bond between, say, the side chain of lysine and the side chain of glutamic acid…

A: Amino acids are the molecules that join to form a protein structure. The bond formed between two…

Q: Describe the basic structure of an amino acid and the formation ofa peptide bond.

A:

Q: Explain the difference between the Primary, Secondary and Tertiary structure of proteins? What kind…

A: Proteins are made up of different amino acids and these amino acids are linked to each other by…

Q: Which of the following is the most fundamental determinant of the conformation of a protein? O a.…

A: Option e hydrogen bonding with in the molecules

Q: Variations in three-dimensional shapes among proteins are due tobonding between thea. amino…

A: Proteins are defined as macromolecules or large biomolecules composed of one or more long chains of…

Q: List the four types of non-covalent interactions that are important in providing stability to the…

A: Macromolecules are molecules containing large number of atoms, such as carbohydrate, protein, lipid…

Q: By means of an annotated flow diagram, show what information is used to determine the conformation…

A: Proteins are the final outcome of gene expression that perform specific cellular functions. They…

Q: Explain the importance of knowing the conformation/structure of proteins.

A: Proteins are biomolecules composed of amino acids. The amino acids are joined together through…

Q: Explain how the quaternary structure of some proteins is important

A: Proteins are made up of building units called amino acids. Each amino acid consists of a central…

Q: Outline the functional roles of conformational changes in proteins, being sure to consider the…

A: Proteins are biomolecules that make one an important component of the living system. They can be…

Q: Describe in no more than 10 sentences the four levels of protein in structure and cite the…

A: Proteins are organic molecules composed of amino acids. The four levels of protein structure…

Q: How do the following interactions help to stabilize the tertiary and quaternary structure of a…

A: Tertiary structure refers the three dimensional conformation of a protein  assumes due to the…

Q: . Define the term side chain in the context of amino acid or protein structure.

A: Sidechains are the shapes that stick out from the backbone of a protein. Some sidechains have only…

Q: Describe how peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, and noncovalent…

A: Step 1 Proteins are large-sized mixed polymers or heteropolymers of several types of alpha-amino…

Q: Describe the different orders of protein structure, the different functions of proteins, and how…

A: Amino acids are the monomers of polypeptides that are linked by peptide bonds. There are 20…

Q: Hydrophobic bonds are too weak to influence the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules.

A: Biological macromolecules play a major role in different cellular functions and aids in the growth…

Q: Which of the following types of bonds are responsible for the secondary structures of proteins?…

A: Almost every function in living organisms depends on proteins. These are the biomolecules composed…

Q: Creating tertiary structures of proteins involves the linking of amino acid functional groups with…

A: Proteins are the building blocks of the body. All the life forms consist of proteins in their cell…

Q: All of the following are considered weak interactions in proteins, except:

A: Proteins are the macromolecules composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bond between amino…

Q: Even if a protein has the majority of its amino acids different than another, it is possible for…

A: Biological macromolecules are those large molecules that are necessary for the survival and growth…

Q: Indicate which of the following properties depend only on the chemical nature of its repeating…

A: DNA is the hereditary material found in all organisms. The main function of DNA is to store genetic…

Q: Name and discuss the non covalent interactions that maintain protein structure

A: Proteins have different levels of conformation. They are, the primary structure, secondary…

Q: Name and discuss the non-covalent interactions that maintain protein structure.

A: Several noncovalent interactions stabilize the three dimensional structure of a protein and hence…

Q: An interaction from a protein structure is shown below. This interaction is commonly referred to as…

A: Amino acids are the polymers of proteins. These are arranged in a different manner and give…

Q: Provide three examples of medical applications of proteins.

A: Proteins are the biomolecules which are made up of Amino acids linked Together by peptide bonds.…

Q: Which of the following types of bonds are present in the primary structures of proteins?…

A: The development of the three dimensional structure of a protein involves four levels of organization…

Q: The amide linkages of proteins are referred to as________________________.

A: Introduction: Proteins are major biomolecules that consist of long chains of amino acids. The…

Q: True or False:  Protein structure complexity depends on the number chains it is composed of and the…

A: Proteins have four levels of the structural organization including Primary, secondary,…

Q: The use of salt bridges or hydrophobic interactions (or pockets) to stabilize interactions between…

A: The quaternary structure of a protein is the association of several protein chains or subunits into…

Q: Explain the protein structures and the interactions that form the three-dimensional structure in…

A: The tertiary structure is called the 3-dimensional structure.

Q: The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the a.…

A: The proteins are considered as macromolecules that possess structure that are primary, secondary,…

Q: Why do small proteins have more difficulty folding and holding shape than larger proteins? If you…

A: Protein folding is a physiological process by which a protein peptide chain acquires its native…

Q: Explain how a protein's primary structure is determined by the linear sequence of specific amino…

A: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins. Amino acids together with proteins…

Q: What is the contribution of dilsulfide bonds in proteins?Which groups or side chain participate in…

A: The structure of the protein is crucial for its function. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and…

Q: Explain Four Levels of Protein Structure with examples and talk about the importance of each…

A: Proteins are macromolecules or large molecules composed of amino acids linked together by peptide…

Q: Describe the role that protein domains play within a protein’s three-dimensional structure

A: The domains are in a protein are distinct structural units in the three dimensional structure of the…

Q: What is the pH value where the protein molecule carries no electrical charge? a. isoelectric b.…

A: The pH refers to the indication of whether a substance is an acid or base. Acidic substances lie at…

Q: Describe the levels of structure for proteins and explain its importance to function (denaturation).

A: Amino acids are the organic compounds that acts the building block of the proteins. These amino…

Q: Explain how the tertiary structure of a protein is stabilized by various intermolecular forces and…

A: A protein is considered to be a biological macromolecule made up of one or more polypeptide…

Q: Which of the following does not contribute to the tertiary structure of protein? a. ionic…

A: Proteins have four levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Each level…

Q: A protein that has lost its tertiary structure and is non- functional is called den

A: Proteins are basically the polymers  that is made up of monomers called as amino acids.There are…

Q: Discuss the structures and functions of proteins.

A: Many biomolecules are present in the body. The major macromolecule includes carbohydrates, proteins,…

Q: Describe the building blocks, general structure, and biological functions of lipids.

A: Every living organism consists of biomolecules (carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids) that…

Q: Which statements describe aspects of the tertiary level of protein structure? tendency of hydrogen…

A: Protein is a polypeptide sequence comprised of amino acids. Amino acids are organic compounds with…

Q: Describe a difference between large and small proteins.

A: Proteins are made up of smaller monomers which are known as amino acids. A protein molecule consists…

Q: What type of interaction would you expect between the following R groups in the tertiary structure…

A: Sidechains of amino acids in a protein structure interact with each other in many ways. This…

Q: Explain Four Levels of Protein Structure with examples and talk about the importance of each…

A: Amino acids are defined as the organic monomer molecules where they act as the functional building…

Q: Proteins have multiple "levels" of structural complexity. N

A: Saturation is a physical or chemical situation where a system can take no more of a substance.…

Q: What type of tertiary structure interactions are most likely between the following amino acids? (Use…

A: Amino acids are building blocks of proteins; they include a carboxylic acid group on the alpha…

Nucleotides

It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). 

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.