Why is the ionic bond between, say, the side chain of lysine and the side chain of glutamic acid stronger in the hydrophobic interior of a protein than in aqueous solvent (water)?

Q: what are the key factors determining protein structure?

A: Proteins are the building blocks of a body. Proteins are synthesized by the process of translation…

Q: Explain briefly why the ionizable properties of amino acids are so crucial in the structure and…

A: Introduction Amino acids are a kind of nutrient. Proteins are polymers of nitrogenous chemicals…

Q: Proteins are polymers of amino acids that fold in which three dimensions?

A: Proteins are the building block of the body. They are composed of units of amino acids joined…

Q: If an oligosaccharide is attached to a protein via an O-glycosidic linkage which amino acid…

A: The glycoproteins are formed by the joining of oligosaccharide with protein. The glycoproteins are…

Q: Hemoglobin is a tetramer consisting of two α and two β chains.What level of protein structure is…

A: Hemoglobin is protein in red blood cells that is made up of four chains. Each of these chains…

Q: What form exists at the isoelectric point of each of the following amino acids: (a) valine; (b)…

A: The isoelectric point of amino acid is the pH at which amino acid has no net charge and shows no…

Q: Why are salt bridges (ionic interactions) in proteins sensitive to pH?

A: Salt bridges : A salt bridge or ion bridge in electrochemistry, is a laboratory device used to…

Q: A protein’s shape depends partly on electrical attractions between charged or polarized groups in…

A: Introduction: Proteins play an important role in the structure and function of the body. It is made…

Q: The B chains of HbA and HbS were treated with trypsin, and the sequence of the N- terminal tryptic…

A: Proteins or peptides are composed of twenty standard amino acids attached together via peptide…

Q: What kind of changes happens in the structure of proteins when they are separately incubated with…

A: Large and complex biomolecules that are generated by amino acids connected through peptide bonds are…

Q: What is the approximate molecular weight of a protein with 682 amino acid residues in a single…

A: Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins/polypeptides. Amino acids are classified on the…

Q: Most proteins can easily dissolve in water. Knowing that, where within the overall three-dimensional…

A: Proteins are comprised of hundreds or thousands of more modest units called amino acids, which are…

Q: Residues such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, andphenylalanine are often found in the…

A: Proteins are translated from mRNA. Post translation, protein is modified and folded into secondary…

Q: The simplest form of the Ramachandran diagram is calculated by ignoring hydrogen bonding,…

A: The Ramachandran plot is a plot of the torsional angles - phi (φ)and psi (ψ) - of the residues…

Q: In the following diagram of a portion of a protein, label the types of interactions that are shown.…

A: Proteins are the polymers of L-amino acids. The structure of proteins is divided into four levels of…

Q: All of the following are considered weak interactions in proteins, except:

A: Proteins are the macromolecules composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bond between amino…

Q: If you knew everything about the properties of the 20 common (proteinous) amino acids, would you be…

A: A protein is a complex substance that consists of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds.

Q: Hemoglobin is a tetramer consisting of two a and two b chains. What level of protein structure is…

A: Hemoglobin is a globular protein that is involved in transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues…

Q: Why is the formation of a peptide bond called a condensation reaction? Explain briefly

A:

Q: Generally speaking, what two considerations determine whether a specific dihedral angle will be…

A: Answer: A dihedral angle of a protein phi (ϕ) and psi (ψ) angles is the internal angle of the…

Q: Globular proteins are water-soluble, whereas fibrous proteins are insoluble in water. Indicate…

A: the nature of amino acid present on a protein or a cell surface depends on the nature of the cell .

Q: In a subunit of a protein, arginine and aspartic acid have an ionic interaction between their side…

A: Polar Amino Acids are a type of amino acid that is found in the ocean. Arginine, asparagine,…

Q: What amino acid is technically not an amino acid and which amino acid contains no chiral carbon…

A: Protein is an organic nitrogenous macromolecule that is essential for human health. In the human…

Q: Consider this segment of a single-subunit protein's primary structure (assume it continues on both…

A: Proteins are unbranched polymers constructed from 20 standard α-amino acids. They have four levels…

Q: What functions would you expect to be served by residues such as (a) phenylalanine at the protein…

A: Protein structures are formed by the three-dimensional arrangement of amino acids in a protein…

Q: A small generic section of the primary structure of an a helix is given by -amino acid, -amino…

A: Alpha-helix is an example of a secondary structure. Alpha-helix is formed by the hydrogen bonding…

Q: rotein structure and what type of bond is primarily responsible for each level?

A: Proteins are the ultimate result of a coding procedure that begins with cellular desoxyribonucleic…

Q: Because of their tendency to avoid water, nonpolar aminoacids play an important role in forming and…

A: Polymers of L-alpha amino acids form the protein.The structural organisation of protein can be…

Q: a. Any given protein is characterized by a unique amino acid sequence (primary structure) and three…

A: Proteins are biopolymers made of amino acids as monomeric units. The amino acid consists of an amine…

Q: What is meant by the isoelectric point of a protein?

A: The building blocks of proteins are amino acids. There are three types of amino acids: positive,…

Q: Globular proteins are typically constructed from several layers of secondary structure, with a…

A: Proteins are composed of a linear chain of amino acids attached together via peptide bonds. All…

Q: What are the charges of the following amino acids peptides at ph 14? 1. GLAVV 2. RRKKQ

A: Peptide chain is a short chain of amino acids joined by peptide/amide bonds (covalent bond). The…

Q: Are peptide bonds free to rotate in folded protein? Can they be ionized at extreme pH values?

A: Proteins are composed of the linear chain of amino acid sequences attached together via peptide…

Q: What is the contribution of dilsulfide bonds in proteins?Which groups or side chain participate in…

A: The structure of the protein is crucial for its function. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and…

Q: Why do some ordered proteins require molecular chaperones to fold into their active conformations,…

A: Protein synthesis starts when the DNA of a gene is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule through…

Q: What type of bonds/forces stabilize protein secondary structure?

A: Solution -  Protein structure -  The structure of a macromolecule determines its function. The study…

Q: What properties does a phospholipid head group impart to the lipid, and why is that useful for a…

A: Fatty acids are important micromolecules which combine together to form lipids in plants, animals…

Q: Why do amino acids, when dissolved in water, become zwitterions?

A: Aminoacids are the building blocks of proteins consisting of both acidic and basic functional groups…

Q: How can a protein’s potential function be determined from a protein’s primary structure?

A: In a protein, the primary structure refers to the sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide…

Q: A major interaction that stabilize tertiary structures of proteins is

A: Protein play wide variety of essential function in our body. They provide strength and structural…

Q: If you were to design a small peptide with a large net positive charge at physiological pH, which…

A: The peptide is a small amino acid sequence where the alpha carboxylic group of one amino acid is…

Q: How do the following noncovalent interactions help to stabilize the tertiary and quaternary…

A: The protein undergoes several conformations to attain the mature functional protein.

Q: Why do some proteins require molecular chaperones to foldinto their active conformations, whereas…

A: Protein folding is a process by which a polypeptide chain folds to become a biologically active…

Q: Proteins are usually least soluble in water at their isoelectric points. Explain.

A: Proteins are composed of monomers, amino acids. All the amino acids have a similar backbone…

Q: Which amino acid is technically not an amino acid? Whichamino acid contains no chiral carbon atoms?

A: The amino acid is technically  not amino acid is proline

Q: What type of interaction would you expect between the following R groups in the tertiary structure…

A: Sidechains of amino acids in a protein structure interact with each other in many ways. This…

Q: In the tertiary structure of a protein, which pair of amino acid side chains would be most likely to…

A: Introduction: Protein are the most bountiful natural particles of the living framework. They can be…

Nucleotides

It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). 

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.