Hypothesis testing using t: Two-sample We test whether “cramming” for an exam is harmful to grades. Condition 1 crams for a pretend exam, but condition 2 does not. Each sample has n = 31. The cramming mean = 43 with a standard error of the mean = 64. The no-cramming mean is 48 with a standard error of the mean = 83.6.     What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? Write the hypotheses. Will t be positive or negative? Compute t What is your decision? What do you conclude about this study?

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