States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Liquids can interact with flat surfaces just as they can with
capillary tubes; the cohesive forces within the liquid can be
stronger or weaker than the adhesive forces between liquid
and surface:
(a) In which of these diagrams, i or ii, do the adhesive forces
between surface and liquid exceed the cohesive forces
within the liquid? (b) Which of these diagrams, i or ii, represents
what happens when water is on a nonpolar surface?
(c) Which of these diagrams, i or ii, represents what happens
when water is on a polar surface?
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