Consider the following types of cell and their respective conditions:i. a liver cell with non-functional malate-aspartate shuttle*ii. a skeletal muscle cell lacking oxygeniii. a cell with ATP synthase deficiency*iv. a yeast cell undergoing fermentation but with defective alcohol dehydrogenase (hint: In yeast,alcohol dehydrogenase is responsible for shuttling reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH tothe mitochondria.)*V.a brain cell with non-functional Complex II of the electron transport chain** Assume that the deficiency is isolated and will not influence the function of other respirationcomponents In these cells/tissues, determine the following from the catabolism of the 2.5 moles of the disaccharidelactose (will be hydrolyzed first to yield glucose and galactose).a. Net ATP from glycolysisb. ATP from oxidative decarboxylation (if applicable)C.ATP formed from Krebs cycle (if applicable)d. Total net ATP

There are two types of respiration depending on the availability of oxygen. The presence of oxygen…

i. a liver cell with non-functional malate-aspartate shuttle* ii. a skeletal muscle cell lacking oxygen iii. a cell with ATP synthase deficiency* iv. a yeast cell undergoing fermentation but with defective alcohol dehydrogenase (hint: In yeast, alcohol dehydrogenase is responsible for shuttling reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH to

i. a liver cell with non-functional malate-aspartate shuttle* ii. a skeletal muscle cell lacking oxygen iii. a cell with ATP synthase deficiency* iv. a yeast cell undergoing fermentation but with defective alcohol dehydrogenase (hint: In yeast, alcohol dehydrogenase is responsible for shuttling reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH to

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10RE: Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1....

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Consider the following types of cell and their respective conditions: a cell with ATP synthase deficiency* a yeast cell undergoing fermentation but with defective alcohol dehydrogenase (hint: In yeast, alcohol dehydrogenase is responsible for shuttling reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH to the mitochondria.)* a brain cell with non-functional Complex II of the electron transport chain* * Assume that the deficiency is isolated and will not influence the function of other respiration components In these cells/tissues, determine the following from the catabolism of the 2.5 moles of the disaccharide lactose (will be hydrolyzed first to yield glucose and galactose). a. Net ATP from glycolysis b. ATP from oxidative decarboxylation (if applicable) c. ATP formed from Krebs cycle (if applicable) d. Total net ATP
Predict the effect of each of the following mutations on the pace of glycolysis in liver cells: (a) Loss of the allosteric site for ATP in phosphofructokinase (b) Loss of the binding site for citrate in phosphofructokinase (c) Loss of the phosphatase domain of the bifunctional enzyme that controls the level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (d) Loss of the binding site for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in pyruvate kinase
a. Starting with acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, how many ATP molecules are needed to synthesize a 14 C fatty acid? A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12 b. How many FADH2 molecules will be obtained from the complete oxidation of Myristic acid to CO2 ? A. 13 B. 11 C. 15 D. 17 c. If the complete oxidation of a saturated fatty acid result in the production of 82 ATP molecules, how many ATP molecules will be obtained from a mono-unsaturated fatty acid of similar length? A. 80.5 B. 82 C. 84.5 D. 83.5
Taking into consideration glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle, how many substrate level phosphorylation events occur from a single molecule of glucose? 6 substrate level phosphorylation events 4 substrate level phosphorylation events 3 substrate level phosphorylation events 2 substrate level phosphorylation events None of the above answers are correct
Anaerobic glycolysis of glucose potentially produces a fewer number of ATPs per glucose moleculein red blood cells than in muscle cells, because -Red blood cells contain bisphosphoglycerate mutase -Red blood cells lack phosphoglycerate kinase -Red blood cells do not have mitochondria -Red blood cells do not have a nucleus Which of the following is likely to be correct if all mutases are completely inhibited? -Removal of glucosyl residues from nonreducing ends of glycogen in the liver is compromised;therefore, release of free glucose into blood from the liver would decrease -Glycerol can be efficiently converted into glucose but cannot be efficiently converted into glucosylresidues in glycogen in the liver -Both A and B -Neither A nor B
You are treating a cell with Rotenone or MG132 and measuring the molar ratio between NADH/NAD+ (see figure). What can you conclude about Rotenone? * p<0.01 A. Rotenone inhibits glycolysis B. Rotenone inhibits pyruvate oxidation C. Rotenone inhibits the citric acid cycle D. Rotenone inhibits the electron transport chain F. Rotenone inhibits the Golgi apparatus
You identified a mutant yeast whose glycolytic pathway is shorter due to the presence of a new enzyme catalysing the following reaction: Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate + H2O + NAD+ → 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H+ What would the effect of this mutation have on this mutant yeast’s ability to grow under i) aerobic, and ii) anaerobic conditions?
Phosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. Which of the following statements correctly describes phosphofructokinase activity? a. It is inhibited by citrate, an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. b. It catalyzes a reaction which increases the rate of the overall pathway. c. It catalyzes an early step of glycolysis which has the lowest level of activation energy among the overall pathway. d. It is activated by ATP. e. It is inhibited by AMP.
For Krebs Cycle(Citric Acid Cycle) what are steps of cellular respiration for both aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration. what are the Inputs and Outputs: Clearly indicate the key substrates, intermediates, and products at each stage. Location: Show where this stage of cellular respiration occurs within the cell (e.g., cytoplasm, mitochondria). Energy Production: Highlight the ATP and NADH production at this stage. Oxygen: Show where oxygen is used in the process (e.g., ETC) and where carbon dioxide is produced. Electron Carriers: Indicate the role of electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD in transferring eleDiagrams: Use diagrams or icons to represent the structures and molecules involved, such as the mitochondria, glucose, ATP, and oxygen. Key Information like important facts or formulas relevant to cellular respiration, like the chemical equations for each stage.
In glycolysis, the KM value of hexoquinase is 0.04 mM. At physiological conditions, the cellular concentration of glucose is between 4 mM to 15 mM. According with this information, which of the following statements is true (Choose all that are correct) The enzyme has a low affinity for its substrate The enzme is working at its maximum velocity The phosphorilation of glucose is very slow The small value of KM assures that glycolysis will continue even when the concentration of glucose drops below 4 mM. The hexoquinase is saturated with glucose
You identified a mutant yeast whose glycolytic pathway is shorter due to the presence of a new enzyme catalysing the following reaction: Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate + H2O + NAD+ → 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H+ What would the effect of this mutation have on this mutant yeast’s ability to grow under i) anaerobic conditions?
Consider the following interconversion, which occurs in glycolysis :(a) What is ΔG′° for the reaction ( K'eq measured at 25 °C)?(b) If the concentration of fructose 6-phosphate is adjusted to 1.5 M and that of glucose 6-phosphate is adjusted to 0.50 M, what is ΔG?(c) Why are ΔG′° and ΔG different?