If the consumer's income increases: O a the budget constraint shifts out and its slope does not change. Ob the budget constraint shifts out and its slope increases. Oc the budget constraint shifts in and its slope does not change. O d. the budget constraint shifts in and its slope increases.
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- Explain why individuals make Choices that are directly on the budget constraint, rather than inside the budget constraint DI outside it.The amount/limit of income a consumer has to spend on goods and services is known as O a budget constraint. wealth. O purchasing power. effective demand.a. Suppose Fiona’s income is $100 per week, which she allocates between chocolates and books. Chocolates cost $2 each. Books cost $10 each if she purchases between 1 and 5 books. If she purchases more than 5 books in a week, the price falls to $5 for the 6th book and all subsequent books. Draw the budget constraint. Is it possible that Fiona might have more than one utility-maximizing solution? b. Confirm that if a consumer’s utility function is described by U = 2X + Y, and prices are px = 2 and py = 1, there is no unique utility maximizing solution regardless of income level. What does this tell you about X and Y as commodities? (Hint: draw a graph showing a budget constraint and indifference curve using the information provided.)
- Columns 1 through 4 in the following table show the marginal utility, measured in utils, that Ricardo would get by purchasing various amounts of products A, B, C, and D. Column 5 shows the marginal utility Ricardo gets from saving. Assume that the prices of A, B, C, and D are, respectively, $18, $6, $4, and $24 and that Ricardo has an income of $106. a. What quantities of A, B, C, and D will Ricardo purchase in maximizing his utility? b. How many dollars will Ricardo choose to save? c. Check your answers by substituting them into the algebraic statement of the utility-maximizing rule.True or false with reasoning 1)_______When an extra glass of wine is consumed, the total utility gained from the consumption changes by an amount of the marginal utility of all goods consumed. 2)_______Suppose that you consume two goods A and B, and that MUA/PA = 2 and MUB/PB = 4. With a given income and prices, the consumer will purchase more of good A and less of good B. 3)_______If you consume two goods, X and Y, and MUX > MUY, then you are willing to pay more for good X than for good Y.4 Assume that a person's utility over two goods is given by U(g1; g2) = g1 + ln g2. The price of good g1 is equal to p1 and the price of good g2 is p2. The total income of the individual is given by I. The marginal rate of substitution between g1 and g2 is given by 1/(1/g2). Then, the expressions for this person's (1) budget constraint, (2) budget line's slope (assume that, graphically, g1 is on the horizontal axis and g2 on the vertical axis), and (3) the person's demand function for g2 (that is, g2 as a function of price ratio) are respectively:
- 5. Consider a consumer whose utility function isu(x,y) = sqrt(xy) (MRS(x,y)=y/x)a. Assume the consumer has income $120 and initially faces the prices px = $1 and py = $1. Howmuch x and y would they buy? Draw the budget constraint and the demands. b. Next, suppose the price of x were to increase to $2. How much would they buy now? Draw thisin the same figure.c. Decompose the total effect of the price change on demand for x into the substitution effect and theincome effect. That is, determine precisely how much of the change is due to each of thecomponent effects. (Hint: See the lecture notes for the two properties that determine the locationof “z”, the reference point for distinguishing the income and substitution effects.)please only do: if you can teach explain each partc: what does it mean? can you show graphs: For these to be optimal choices with such preferences, the indifference curve through a must lie entirely on or above the budget line associated with (p, w), and simi- larly for r' for the budget line associated with (p', w'). how do you know this:Because each of these bundles lies below the other budget line, this implies that the indifference curves must cross, which is impossible. can you show graphs: note that (3,1) is a conver combination of x and x', so for conver preferences must be weakly preferred to x (the less preferred bundle between a and a'). But then the bundle (3,5/3) must be strictly preferred z, contradicting that is optimal given the initial budget setquestion 3 a Andre has a salary of $1000. He spends his entire budget on shoes and beers. The cost for a pair of shoes is $15 and the cost for can of beer is $25. - Construct Andre’s budget constraint (place) beers on the y-axis. - Suppose Andre’s salary rises by 25%. Also suppose that the price of shoes and beers each rise by 40%. Construct Andre’s new budget constraint. What is the difference between the new and old budget constraints? - Suppose that the price of beers fell from $25 per beer to $15. Construct Andre’s new budget constraint. What is the difference between the new and old budget constraints.
- Question 3 A. Andre has a salary of $1000. He spends his entire budget on shoes and beers. The cost for a pair of shoes is $15 and the cost for can of beer is $25. - Construct Andre’s budget constraint (place) beers on the y-axis. - Suppose Andre’s salary rises by 25%. Also suppose that the price of shoes and beers each rise by 40%. Construct Andre’s new budget constraint. What is the difference between the new and old budget constraints? - Suppose that the price of beers fell from $25 per beer to $15. Construct Andre’s new budget constraint. What is the difference between the new and old budget constraints. B. Explain the relationship between the budget constraint and indifference curve at consumer optimum.Currently, Paula is maximizing utility by purchasing 5 TV dinners (T) and 4 Lean Cuisine meals (L) each week. Graph Paula’s initial utility-maximizing choice. Suppose that the price of T rises by $1 and the price of L falls by $1.25. Can Paula still afford to buy her initial consumption choices? What do you know about her new budget constraint? Use your graph to show why Paula will choose to consume more L and less T given her new budget constraint. How do you know that her utility will increase? Some economists define the ‘‘substitution effect’’ of a price change to be the kind of change shown in part c. That is, the effect represents the change in consumption when the budget constraint rotates about the initial consumption bundle. Precisely how does this notion of a substitution effect differ from the one defined in the text? If the substitution effect were defined as in parts, how would you define ‘‘the income effect’’ to get a complete analysis of how a person responds to a…Columns 1 through 4 of the accompanying table show the marginal utility, measured in utils, that Ricardo would get by purchasing various amounts of products A, B, C, and D. Column 5 shows the marginal utility Ricardo gets from saving. Assume that the prices of A, B, C, and D are $18, $6, $4, and $24, respectively, and that Ricardo has an income of $105. What quantities of A, B, C, and D will Ricardo purchase in maximizing his utility? How many dollars will Ricardo choose to save? Check your answers by substituting them into the algebraic statement of the utility‑maximizing rule. In other words, show it works when using this rule.
