If the true inheritance pattern was a normal Mendelian dihybrid cross, it would be more likely to reject the null hypothesis of 9:3:3:1 if you looked at 1000 offspring than if you looked at 20 offspring. True False
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- For all seven characters described in the data of Mendel allowed the F2 plants to self-fertilize. He found that whenF2 plants with recessive traits were crossed to each other, theyalways bred true. However, when F2 plants with dominant traitswere crossed, some bred true but others did not. A summary ofMendel’s results is shown to the right When considering the data in this table, keep in mind that theydescribe the characteristics of the F2 generation parents that haddisplayed a dominant phenotype. These data were deduced byanalyzing the outcome of the F3 generation. Based on Mendel’slaws, explain why the ratios were approximately 1:2A rare recessive allele inherited in a Mendelian mannercauses the disease cystic fibrosis. A phenotypically normal man whose father had cystic fibrosis marries a phenotypically normal woman from outside the family, andthe couple consider having a child.a. Draw the pedigree as far as described.b. If the frequency in the population of heterozygotesfor cystic fibrosis is 1 in 50, what is the chance that thecouple’s first child will have cystic fibrosis?c. If the first child does have cystic fibrosis, what is theprobability that the second child will be normal?In Figure 1-6, the students have 1 of 15 different heights,plus there are two height classes (4′11″ and 5′ 0″) forwhich there are no observed students. That is a total of17 height classes. If a single Mendelian gene can account for only two classes of a trait (such as purple orwhite flowers), how many Mendelian genes would beminimally required to explain the observation of 17height classes?
- Do the data that Mendel obtained fit his hypotheses?For example, Mendel obtained 315 yellow round, 101yellow wrinkled, 108 green round, and 32 greenwrinkled seeds from the selfing of Yy Rr individuals(a total of 556). His hypotheses of segregation andindependent assortment predict a 9:3:3:1 ratio in thiscase. Use the chi-square test to determine whetherMendel’s data are significantly different from whathe predicted. (The chi-square test did not exist inMendel’s day, so he was not able to test his own datafor goodness of fit to his hypotheses.)In a plant, fruit color is either red or yellow, and fruit shape iseither oval or long. Red and oval are the dominant traits. Twoplants, both heterozygous for these traits, were testcrossed, withthe results shown in the following table. Determine the locationof the genes relative to one another and the genotypes of the twoparental plants. ProgenyPhenotype Plant A Plant Bred, long 46 4yellow, oval 44 6 red, oval 5 43yellow, long 5 47Total 100 100A cross between two pea plants, both of which grewfrom yellow round seeds, gave the following numbersof seeds: 156 yellow round and 54 yellow wrinkled.What are the genotypes of the parent plants? (Yellowand round are dominant traits.)
- Let’s suppose you conducted an experiment involving geneticcrosses and calculated a chi square value of 1.005. There were fourcategories of offspring (i.e., the degrees of freedom equaled 3).Explain what the 1.005 value means. Your answer should includethe phrase “80% of the time.”Mendelian GeneticsF1 Cross: Yellow, Round x Green, RoundGgWw x ggWWCharacter: Pea color & shapeUse Punnett square and fork-line method to check the F2.Show and interpret all the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings.Mendelian GeneticsF1 Cross: Tall, White, Axial x Dwarf, Violet, TerminalDdwwAA x ddWWaaCharacter: Stem height, Flower color & positionUse fork-line method to check the F2.Show and interpret all the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings.B.A.I. For A and B,1. Identify the type ofinheritance. Justifyyour answer.2. Decode the genotypesof the individuals inthe pedigree. (Useletter A forrepresentation ofalleles.)3. List down all affectedThe distance between two molecular markers that are linked alongthe same chromosome can be determined by analyzing the outcomesof crosses. This can be done in humans by analyzing a family’spedigree. However, the accuracy of linkage mappingwith human pedigrees is fairly limited because the number of people in mostfamilies is relatively small. As an alternative, researchers can analyze a population of sperm, produced from a single male, and computelinkage distance in this manner. As an example, let’s suppose a maleis heterozygous for two polymorphic STSs. STS-1 exists in two sizes:234 bp and 198 bp. STS-2 also exists in two sizes: 423 bp and 322bp. A sample of sperm was collected from this man, and individualsperm were placed into 40 separate tubes. In other words, there wasone sperm in each tube. Believe it or not, PCR is sensitive enough toallow analysis of DNA in a single sperm! Into each of the 40 tubeswere added the primers that amplify STS-1 and STS-2, and then thesamples were…
- Mendel discovered that pea traits were inherited as unit factors occurring in pairs, these distributing to subsequent generations randomly through the gametes. The unit factors would not have been paired ifA) the temperature had been differentB) pea plants had not been diploidC) peas had been self-fertileD) The statement is false: unit factors occur singly in Mendel’s sweet peasE) The statement is false: unit factors occur in sets of three in Mendel’s sweet peas Which of the following statements about the theory of epigenesis is incorrect? A) William Harvey was its main proponent back in the 1500s and 1600s.B) It recast the focus of life to the egg, away from male contributions which had dominated theory for centuriesC) It was incompatible with the notion of preformationism, which had been popular for some timeD) It suffered from teleological notions in that it argued that the organism developed with a certain drive in a certain direction as if it knew where it was going or had a…A student whose hobby was fishing pulled a very unusual carp out of Cayuga Lake: It had no scales on itsbody. She decided to investigate whether this strangenude phenotype had a genetic basis. She therefore obtained some inbred carp that were pure-breeding forthe wild-type scale phenotype (body covered withscales in a regular pattern) and crossed them with hernude fish. To her surprise, the F1 progeny consistedof a 1:1 ratio of wild-type fish and fish with a singlelinear row of scales on each side.a. Can a single gene with two alleles account for thisresult? Why or why not?b. To follow up on the first cross, the student allowedthe linear fish from the F1 generation to mate witheach other. The progeny of this cross consisted offish with four phenotypes: linear, wild type, nude,and scattered (the latter had a few scales scattered irregularly on the body). The ratio of these phenotypeswas 6:3:2:1, respectively. How many genes appear tobe involved in determining these phenotypes?c. In…In a dihybrid cross of two bi-allelic Mendelian genes, A (two alleles – completely dominant A and recessive a), and B (two alleles – completely dominant B and recessive b), such that the parental generation comprises of pure-bred homozygotes (i.e. AABB with aabb), what are the expected genotype and phenotype ratios in the F1 and F2, if the F1 cross is (a) an intercross and if the F1 cross is (b) a testcross