Immune system of humans a) Secreted B cell receptors can function as opsonins. b) MHC class II molecules can be found on the surface of nearly every cell of the body. c) The membrane attack complex (MAC) is used by natural killer cells to eliminate virus infected host cells. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct

Immune system of humans a) Secreted B cell receptors can function as opsonins. b) MHC class II molecules can be found on the surface of nearly every cell of the body. c) The membrane attack complex (MAC) is used by natural killer cells to eliminate virus infected host cells. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter42: The Immune System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 23CTQ: If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, blit not all, of the complement proteins from...

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The classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some cases, C1q can directly bind the pathogen, for instance by recognizing proteins of bacterial cell walls, but in most cases C1q binds to IgM antibodies that are bound to the pathogen surface. How does this IgM-binding feature of C1q contribute to rapid, innate immune responses rather than to slow, adaptive responses? C1q induces B lymphocytes to begin secreting antibody within hours of pathogen exposure. Natural antibody that binds to many microbial pathogens is produced prior to pathogen exposure. C1q binds to C-reactive protein which then binds to IgM on the pathogen surface. C1q directly induces inflammation, recruiting phagocytes and antibodies from the blood into the infected tissue. C1q binds to dendritic cells in the infected tissue, inducing them to secrete inflammatory cytokines.
In the process shown in Diagram 2, what performs the function most similar to that of the activated T cell in Diagram 1?
Which cleavage pattern (indicated by the red triangles in figure below) yields a fragment that has the same antigen-binding avidity as the intact antibody, but is unable to activate complement after binding to a pathogen?
John frequently encountered bacterial infections. Tests for immune cells showed the presence of mature B and T cells in his blood. Extensive analysis showed that John was lacking a gene responsible for a protein for complement factor C5. 1. Which immune response will be inhibited because of C5 deficiency? 2. How would it affect John’s ability to fight infections? Specifically what type of infections is he likely to have difficulty fighting? Please explain in detail. 3. What would have been the implications if he was lacking the C3 complement component?
Some primitive organisms, such as invertebrates, have no lymphocytes and thus lack an adaptive immune system, but they have somecomponents of an innate immune system, including phagocytes andcertain protective proteins. What are some general features of innateimmunity that make it very valuable to organisms lacking more specific antibody- and cell-mediated responses? What are some disadvantages to having only an innate immune system?
Why do immune complexes form only when an antigen is soluble?
If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, blit not all, of the complement proteins from binding antibodies or pathogens, would the entire complement system be compromised?
T cells and B cells have many similarities in how they produce their highly diverse repertoire of antigen receptors, but one important difference between them is that B cell receptors can undergo somatic hypermutation to alter their affinity for antigen. This is known as ‘affinity maturation’, and the result is that the pool of B cells specific for a particular microbe will increase their binding affinity. T cells do not engage in either somatic hypermutation or affinity maturation. Why not? What potential harm could come from allowing T cells to alter the affinity of their TCRs after they have already left the thymus and have become activated in a lymph node or spleen?
Structural differences between a B cell and a plasma cell in relation to their function?
Name 4 characteristics of the innate immune response
Describe the basic structure of class I and class IImajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. Inwhat functional ways do they differ?
Name 4 mechanisms of innate immune defense

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	a) Secreted B cell receptors can function as opsonins.
	b) MHC class II molecules can be found on the surface of nearly every cell of the body.
	c) The membrane attack complex (MAC) is used by natural killer cells to eliminate virus infected host cells.
	d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect
	e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct