In 2017, health care spending in the US accounted for approximately of the GDP. 5% 17% O 25% O 38% 45% QUESTION 2 Without any change to the health insurance system, by 2082, health care spending in the US is expected to reach 5% O 18% O 25% 49% QUESTION 3 The main reason why health care spending is increasing over time is O Increasing administrative costs Increasing uncompensated care population aging increase in sophistication and quality of medical services the Affordable Care Act QUESTION 4 Regarding health insurance, the number of uninsured individuals in the US is approximately 8 million 18 million 28 million 48 million 98 million of the GDP.
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- Preventive care is not always cost-effective. Suppose that it costs $100 per person to administer a screening exam for a particular disease. Also suppose that if the screening exam finds the disease, the early detection given by the exam will avert $1,000 of costly future treatment. a. Imagine giving the screening test to 100 people. How much will it cost to give those 100 tests? Imagine a case in which 15 percent of those receiving the screening exam test positive. How much in future costly treatments will be averted? How much is saved by setting up a screening system? b. Imagine that everything is the same as in part a except that now only 5 percent of those receiving the screening exam test positive. In this case, how much in future costly treatments will be averted? How much is lost by setting up a screening system?Suppose that the price elasticity for hip replacement surgeries is 0.2. Further suppose that hip replacement surgeries are originally not covered by health insurance and that at a price of $50,000 each, 10,000 such surgeries are demanded each year. LO24.2 a. Suppose that health insurance begins to cover hip replacement surgeries and that everyone interested in getting a hip replacement has health insurance. If insurance covers 50 percent of the cost of the surgery, by what percentage would you expect the quantity demanded of hip replacements to increase? What if insurance covered 90 percent of the price? If insurance covers 50 percent of the bill, just assume that the price paid by consumers falls 50 percent.) b. Suppose that with insurance companies covering 90 percent of the price, the increase in demand leads to a jump in the price per hip surgery from $50,000 to $100,000. How much will each insured patient now pay for a hip replacement surgery? Compared to the original situation,…only typed answer Suppose that the market demand for medical care is summarized by the demand function: Qd = 100-2p and the market supply is summarized by the supply function: Qs= =20+2p (1) Calculate the equilibrium quantity and price, assuming no health insurance is available. (2) Suppose that health insurance is made available that provides for a 20 percent coinsurance rate. Calculate the new equilibrium price and quantity. (Hint: How does the demand curve shift?) (3) Calculate the deadweight loss due to this insurance.
- Susan was frustrated. As chair of the school of nursing at the local university, she wantedher students to get used to using electronic health records. Ideally, these students wouldleave her program and be able to use their employer’s EHR system without any additionalorientation. Other campus health profession leaders had similar concerns. However, thefaculty found that within a 100-mile radius of the university, the area’s many hospitals andthree main healthcare systems all used different EHR vendors.The local healthcare systems promoted electronic health information. They were allconcerned about the safety and security of the records and the needs of their patients. Theywere also aware of the national push for system to integrate EHRs. In reality, however, therecords housed in the variety of systems could not be shared. The software was toodisconnected and dissimilar.Susan wondered what her next step should be. Which system should she adopt, ifany? How could she help move these…Jackie moved to Spain to work for a public relations firm. She had health insurance from herprevious employer, but she was surprised to learn that her new employer in Spain did notoffer healthcare coverage. When she asked about this, she was told that more than 90percent of Spaniards use the public healthcare system, which was mostly free. However,her new employer did provide supplementary private health insurance that would allow herto receive quicker care from a private hospital if she desired.Jackie learned that she would be paying 4.7 percent of her salary and her employerwould pay 23.6 percent of her salary to the government for health insurance. She was given a Tarjeta Sanitaria Individual health card to prove that she had health insurance. With this,she could get free care at public hospitals and doctors’ offices. However, before seeing adoctor, she would need to register with a local primary care physician and decide whethershe would use public or private payment. If she needed…Jackie moved to Spain to work for a public relations firm. She had health insurance from herprevious employer, but she was surprised to learn that her new employer in Spain did notoffer healthcare coverage. When she asked about this, she was told that more than 90percent of Spaniards use the public healthcare system, which was mostly free. However,her new employer did provide supplementary private health insurance that would allow herto receive quicker care from a private hospital if she desired.Jackie learned that she would be paying 4.7 percent of her salary and her employerwould pay 23.6 percent of her salary to the government for health insurance. She was given a Tarjeta Sanitaria Individual health card to prove that she had health insurance. With this,she could get free care at public hospitals and doctors’ offices. However, before seeing adoctor, she would need to register with a local primary care physician and decide whethershe would use public or private payment. If she needed…
- Please paraphrase this answer with your own words (not AI) making sure it correctly answers this question: Explain why the percentage of all money paid to hospitals “out of pocket” is much smaller than the percentage of money paid out of pocket for all health care goods and services. Compared to all healthcare goods and services, the percentage paid out-of-pocket for hospital care is lower because it costs more than other types, but it's possible that the actual amount paid for hospital care out of pocket will still be substantial even if only a smaller percentage of costs are covered. Similarly, when it comes down to different healthcare options available out there, hospitals tend to have a greater sense of urgency attached which makes them an essential component in treating diseases, thus making sure that the financial aspect does not hinder the patient's decision-making process while seeking medical aid. Insurance policies that cover hospitals are typically more thorough than…7. Oster (2020) “Health Recommendations and Selection in Health Behaviors” which found that spurious links between health behaviours and good health outcomes can be self-reinforcing if individuals who engage follow the recommendation also engage in other positive health behaviours. a) Briefly describe in your own (layperson) words what this implies about false positive findings and null findings. b) Can you think of an example where the opposite is true? That is, individuals who follow the recommendation also engage in negative health behaviors. c) Suppose a medical examiner (coroner) is deciding the cause of death of a recently deceased patient. The patient overdosed and is unclear whether the overdose was accidental or intentional (i.e., suicide). The medical examiner remembers hearing on the news that morning that suicides have been rising in recent years. What does this imply about the likely cause of death the medical examiner will record on the death certificate? What does this…(Last Word) The combined cost of Social Security and Medicare programs was what percent of U.S. GDP in 2008 (A) 7.6 (B) 12.4 (C) 17.2 (D) 2.9
- 1. Identify the top five (or ten) source countries of FDI into your country. Then identify the top ten (or 20) foreign MNÉs that have undertaken inbound FDI in your country, Why do these countries and companies provide the bulk of FDI into your country? 2. Worldwide, which ten countries were the largest recipient and source countries of FDI last year? Why? Will this situation change in five years? How about 20 years down the road? Why? 3. ON ETHICS: Undertaking FDI, by definition, means not investing in the MNE's home country (see the Closing Case). What are the ethical dilemmas here? What are your recommendations as (1) MNE executives, (2) labor union leaders of your domestic (home-country) labor forces, (3) host-country officials, and (4) home-country officials?Question 1 Consider the proposition 5x + 9 ≥ 24.s(0) +9• Is r 20 a necessary condition or a sufficient condition or necessary andsufficient condition?• Is x ≥ 3 a necessary condition or a sufficient condition or necessary andsufficient condition?uestionHow do you draw a health production function with individuals receiving some health producing intervention as inputs and health benefits as outputs that shows declining returns in output. What does “declining returns” imply about the marginal health benefit per person served/treated along this production function? How does this relate to “specialization of inputs”? How about “selection to treatment”? If we assume that you have two distinct means of producing health (programs A & B) with identical PFs as you drew above. Given a fixed amount of inputs (e.g. ability to treat/serve some number of individuals), draw the production possibilities frontier curve for these two programs. What is an opportunity cost and how does it relate to the PPF curve? If our value the health benefits from both programs equally, what point (label as X) do you pick on the PPF curve and why? Suppose program A works best for children, and program B best for adults, and you value health…