In a demand paging system, the page table is stored in RAM. Processor access (read or write a word) time to RAM is given as R, time to read a frame from hard disk is DR and time to write a frame to hard disk is DW. If page fault probability is F, and the probability that a page to be swapped out is dirty is D, what is the expression that correctly represents the average memory access time? OR+ (1- F) * R+D* DR + (1– D) * DW OR+ (1- F) * DR +F*( DR + (1 – D) * (DR + DW)) O 2*R+F* (DR + D 'DW) R-E:1- DI: D W +D:DR+ RI
Q: Suppose there is a paging system with a translation lookaside buffer. Assuming that the entire page…
A:
Q: An operating system uses a Least Recently Used, optimal and also FIFO page replacement algorithm.…
A: The Answer is in Below Steps
Q: The following page reference changes occur during a given time interval. 4 2 0 1 2 5 1 4 0 2 3 5 7…
A: Page replacement algorithms are used in order to replace an existing page in the memory with a new…
Q: Consider the following figure about demand paging. The process references page "G" in its logical…
A: Solution is given below :
Q: For a physically Indexed L1D cache, what is the average read latency if TLB hit rate is 99.5% and…
A: It is defined as a high-speed memory, which is small in size but faster than the main memory (RAM).…
Q: . A paging system with a cache size of 3 pages, but with 8 pages in the disk (A,B,..H) has the…
A:
Q: Consider a demand-paging system with a paging disk that has an average access time of 20…
A: A) When it's not a page fault, total time is 3*memory access time When it's a page fault, total time…
Q: Consider a disk drive with 2,000 cylinders, numbered from 0 to 1,999. The request queue has the…
A: A scheduling algorithm is the algorithm which tells us how much CPU time we can allocate the…
Q: Given a scenario where there are four frames. The following table shows the loading time of a page…
A: Im providing the answer of the above question. I hope this will help..
Q: Thefollowing page addresses, in the given sequence,were generated by a program: 1 8 3 4 8 1 5 6 8 1…
A: a) LRU (Least Recently Used): Replace the least recently used element With 3 Frames Elements: 1, 8,…
Q: A computer has four page frames. The time of loading, time of last access, and the Referenced (R)…
A:
Q: Given a computer with a memory system having a40_bit address, a cache consisting of 8192 blocks each…
A: The Answer is
Q: A computer has four page frames. The time of loading, time of last access, and the R and M bits for…
A: a) NRU-It means Not recently used. it will replace that page having R and M bit is zero.…
Q: suppose that a disk drive has 200 tracks, numbered 0 to 199. The drive is currently serving a…
A:
Q: For each of the following page replacement policies, list the total number of page faults and fill…
A: Answer:Clock page replacement:
Q: Question 1 Suppose that the WSClock page replacement algorithm uses a tau (t) of ten ticks, and the…
A: Solution (A) For Page1& Page2, the refrence will be reset to zero, so the new entries for Page1…
Q: A computer has four page frames. The time of loading, time of last access and the R and M bits for…
A: The Answer is in Below Steps
Q: Consider a process that references its six pages in the order 6,1,2,3,1,2,4,5,1,3. How many page…
A: An algorithm that is used in operating system to decide which page will be replaced by the new page…
Q: Consider a 200 cylinder hard disk with one arm. Suppose the following cylinder requests arrive in…
A: Consider a 200 cylinder hard disk with one arm. Suppose the following cylinder requests, made by…
Q: Assume that a main memory with only 4 frames each of 16 bytes is initially empty. The CPU generates…
A: Optimal Page replacement Algorithm:- In an operating system, the page fault occurs whenever a…
Q: Assume we have a demand-paged memory. The page table is held in registers. It takes 3 milliseconds…
A: Effective Access Time = (1 - p) * (memory access time) + p * (1 - pm) * (page fault service with no…
Q: Suppose you are asked to have AMAT to be <=2 cycles. You have two levels of cache. L1 Hit Time is 1…
A: AMAT = 2 cyclesL1 Hit time = 1 cycleL2 Hit time = 3 cyclesL2 Miss rate = 8%L2 Miss penalty = 150…
Q: 10.5 Consider the page table for a system with 12-bit virtual and physical addresses and 256-byte…
A: Dear Student, As we know that virtual pages consist of page number of 4bits and remaining 8bits of…
Q: A buddy system allocates memory from a fixed-size segment consisting of physically contiguous pages…
A: Actually, given information A buddy system allocates memory from a fixed-size segment consisting of…
Q: Suppose on-demand paging is employed in addition to TLB caching. The time for a TLB hit is T= 1 ns,…
A: Probability of TLB miss = 1 - probability of TLB Hit = 1- 0.9 = 0.1 Probability of No page fault =…
Q: A demand paging system takes 100 time units to service a page fault and 300 time units to replace a…
A: Introduction: Units to service a page fault = 100 timesTo replace dirty page = 300 timesMemory…
Q: algorithm
A: Given :- A Reference string is mention in the above given question is 1 3 2 0 0 4 4 6 7 9 4 7 3 9 8…
Q: A processor sends 40 disks I/Os per second, these requests are exponent-distributed, and the average…
A: The Answer is
Q: Consider page reference string of 1 2 3 0 5 0 1 2 1 4 5 0 7 1 2 Using the first in first out (FIFO)…
A: Here total number of pages = 3 FIFO means first in first out where page which has occupied earliest…
Q: Consider a direct mapped cache with 8 cache blocks (0-7). If the memory block requests are in the…
A: I have Provided this answer with full description in step-2.
Q: Q6) Suppose the time to service a page fault is on the average 10 milliseconds, while a memory…
A: Given Page fault service time = 10 msec Average memory access time = 1 μsec Hit ratio = 99.99% =…
Q: Assume that we have a paged memory system with a cache to hold the most active page table ent Ons to…
A: Cache access time = 20 ns = 0.02 microsecond Memory access time = 1 microsecond
Q: n Paging, for CPU requests there are two access times, one for accessing page table and one for…
A: In Paging, for CPU requests there are two access times, one for accessing page table and one for…
Q: Consider a paged virtual memory system with 32-bit virtual addresses and 1K-byte pages. Each page…
A: a)
Q: Given that main memory is composed of two page frames for public use and that a seven-page program…
A: Page request A B A C A B D B A C D Page fault * * * * * * * * * * Page frame 1 A A A A A…
Q: We are given a 750 GB disk which has a data transfer rate of 40 Mbps (40 * 10^6 bps) and has 12000…
A: Introduction :Given , Disk space = 750 GBData Transfer Rate = 40 Mbps Rotational Speed : 12000 RPM…
Q: A computer has an average main memory access time of 60 ns. We want to reduce this time to 20 ns by…
A: A computer has an average main memory access time of 60 ns. We want to reduce this time to 20 ns by…
Q: Consider a system that implements demand paging without a TLB. The single-level page table is held…
A: a page fault (at times called PF or hard issue) is a special case that the memory the board unit…
Q: 1.2. Consider the following page address stream: 701203042 303212017 Use the following replacement…
A: LRU algorithm When Number of fames is 4 : Let Assume Total frames = 4 Algorithm: LRU Reference…
Q: Suppose the head of a moving head disk with 200 tracks numbered 0-199 is currently serving a request…
A: 1. FCFS (First Come First Served)
Q: 1. Determine whether the following statements are true or false. d) A transmission of a frame by any…
A: Given:
Q: table 1 requests 75M Page Time Loaded Last Reference R bit M bit 2 117 212 1 1 0 130…
A:
Q: Using the following reference string apply Optimal Page, Least Recently Used and FIFO algorithms to…
A: Optimal page : this algorithms replaces the page which will not be referred for so long in future.…
Q: The time of loading, time of last access, and the R and M bits for each page are as show (the times…
A: Given: Computer system has 4 page frames and the following table: Page Loaded Last ref. R…
Q: Consider a system that implements demand paging without a TLB. The single-level page table is held…
A: Actually, given question regarding paging.
Q: Consider the following page address stream: 2 4 2 4 1 2 5 1 3 3 1 Using the Least Recently Used…
A: The answer is
Q: Consider the following set of 5 processes, with the length of the CPU-burst time given in…
A:
Q: Consider an i786 demand paging system that adopts a page size of 2,000 bytes. Process A is allotted…
A: When an executing program accesses a memory page that is loaded into the VAS but not mapped into…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Suppose that we want to schedule disk requests on a disk containing 200 cylinders numbered from 0 to 199. The Disk requests to be addressed are 82,170,43,140,24,16,189. And the Read/Write arm is at 48, and it is also given that the disk arm should move "towards the larger value". Q₁- Illustrate on a graph the total read/write head movement for the SCAN Disk scheduling algorithm. Q2- Calculate the total overhead movement (total distance covered by the disk arm).Suppose we have a disk with an average seek time of 10ms, average rotational delay of 5ms, anda transfer time of 1ms for a 4K page. Assume that the cost of reading/writing a page is the sumof those values (i.e., 16ms) unless a sequence of pages is read/written. In this case, the cost is theaverage seek time plus the average rotational delay (to find the first page) plus 1ms per page (totransfer data). You are given 320 buffer pages and asked to sort a file with 10^7 pages. Make theassumptions used in Section 13.3 of the textbook. Find the cost of the following operations:A) Do 319-way merges on 319 input buffers of 1 page each, and 1 output buffer page.B) Do 256-way merges on 256 input buffers of 1 page each, and output buffer of 64 pages.C) Do 16-way merges on 16 input buffers of 16 pages each, and output buffer of 64 pages.The overhead required to read an entry in a page table (including the time to access TIB) is 60 nanoseconds. To reduce this overhead, the computer has a TIB that can hold 16 entries and be accessed in 10 nanoseconds.a) Let B = TLB lookup time, T - memory cycle time, and p = hit ratio. Finda formula that expresses the effective access time.b) What hit ratio is needed to reduce the effective access time to 70 nanoseconds?
- A computer has four page frames. The time of loading, time of last access, and the Referenced (R) and Modified (M) bits for each page frame are shown in Table 1 (the times are in clock ticks from the process start at time 0). A page fault to virtual page 4 has occurred at time 265. Table 1: Virtual Page Information Including the initial placement of virtual page in memory (as in Table 1) just before the page fault, consider the following virtual page reference string: 1, 2, 3, 0, 4, 0, 4, 3, 1, 2, 0, 5, 2, 4, 1 Referring to Table 1, which page should be replaced for each of the following memory management policies? Explain why the page is replaced. FIFO LRU Optimal (Refer to the reference string) How many page faults would occur if Optimal policy is used? Show clearly when each page fault would occur.A computer system has a memory access time of 11.0 ns and is using a SATA III SSD (solid state drive) capable of transferring 8 Gbit/s. The size of a page is 1024 bytes. What should the probability of a page fault be so that access time degradation does not exceed 14%?A computer has four page frames. The time of loading, time of last access, and the R and M bits for each page are as show (the times are in clock ticks): Page Loaded Last ref. R M 0 126 280 1 0 1 230 265 0 1 2 140 270 0 0 3 110 285 1 1 At the time of page fault which page will be replaced by following algorithms: 1. FIFO 2. LRU 3. Second chance
- Consider a memory system with a cache access time of 100ns and a memory access timeof 1200ns. If the effective access time is 10% greater than the cache access time, what is thehit ratio H?The performance of a file system depends upon the cache hit rate (fraction of blocks found in the cache). If it takes 1 msec to satisfy a request from the cache, but 40 msec to satisfy a request if a disk read is needed, give a formula for the mean time required to satisfy a request if the hit rate is h. Plot this function for values of h varying from 0 to 1.0. Explain your logic and justify the structure of the formula.It is given that on a system, on average, an instruction executes in 1 nano second. Suppose that it takes 20 micro seconds of processor time for page fault. While, it takes 300 micro seconds of disk time for reading and writing a single page. Suppose that on average 1/3 of the pages that need to be paged out are modified. What is the average number of instructions between page faults that would cause the disk to be busy doing page transfers all the time?
- Suppose that a disk drive has 5,000 cylinders, numbered 0 to 4,999. The drive is currently serving a request at cylinder 2,150, and the previous request was at cylinder 1,805. The queue of pending requests, in FIFO order, is: 2,069 1,212 2,296 2,800 544 1,618 356 1,523 4,956 3,681 Calculate the total seek time for each of the schedules TOTAL DISTANCE TOTAL SEEK TIME FCFS SSTF SCAN LOOK C-SCAN C-LOOKplease no chatgpt answer . Consider a demand-paging system with a paging disk that has an average access and transfer time of 20 milliseconds. Addresses are translated through a page table in main memory, with an access time of 1 microsecond per memory access. Thus, each memory reference through the page table takes two accesses. To improve this time, we have added an associative memory that reduces access time to one memory reference, if the page-table entry is in the associative memory. Assume that 80 percent of the accesses are in the associative memory and that, of those remaining, 10 percent (or 2 percent of the total) cause page faults. What is the effective memory access time? Consider the following page reference string: 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 5, 6, 2, 1, 2, 3, 7, 6, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 6. Assuming demand paging with four frames, Show which pages are resident under the LRU, FIFO, and Optimal replacement algorithms by filling out the following tables. How many page faults would occur…Consider a paging system with the page table stored in memory.a. If a memory reference takes 400 nanoseconds, how long does a paged memoryreference take?b. If we add TLBs, and 95 percent of all page-table references are found in the TLBs,what is the effective memory reference time? (Assume that finding a page-table entry inthe TLBs takes zero time, if the entry is there.)