In a survey of 1,150 women who gave birth in Muscat in 2000, a total of 468 reported taking a multivitamin at least 4 times a week during the month before becoming pregnant. The prevalence of frequent multivitamin use in this group is 41.6956% 42.6956% 41.2956% 40.6956% 41.8764%
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- The National Institute of Mental Health published an article stating that in any two-year period, approximately 10.5percent of American adults suffer from depression or a depressive illness. Suppose that in a survey of 150 people in a certain town, eight of them suffered from depression or a depressive illness. If you were conducting a hypothesis test to determine if the true proportion of people in that town suffering from depression or a depressive illness is lower than the percent in the general adult American population, what would the null and alternative hypotheses be?In a population-based cohort study, an entire community was interviewed regarding smoking habits and then followed for one year. Upon ascertainment of all lung cancer deaths, the investigator obtained the following data: Number of Individuals Lung Cancer Deaths Smokers 24,500 15 Nonsmokers 10,500 2 Calculate the risk difference per 100,000 per year. Round to the tenth decimaA heart study objective was to study heart disease among healthy volunteers.After a 10-year follow-up period involving men aged 40 to 59, there were 16 casesof coronary heart disease (CHD) among the 454 men who initially had cholesterollevels below 210 mg/100 ml (referred to as the low serum cholesterol group). Incontrast, among the 424 men whose initial cholesterol levels were at least 245mg/100 ml (referred to as the high serum cholesterol group), there were 51 cases ofCHD. With this information, Draw a 2x2 contingency table then calculate the relative risk (RR) associated with high serum cholesterol and provide an interpretation of the result.
- o combat antibiotic resistance, the Quality Improvement Consortium recommends a throat swab to confirm strep throat before a physician prescribes antibiotics to children under age 5. Nationally, 40 percent of children under 5 who received antibiotics did not have a throat swab. The Colorado Department of Health took a random sample of 79 children under the age of 5 who received antibiotics for throat infections and found that 24 did not have a throat swab. At α = .05, is this a statistically significant reduction over last year’s national rate of 40 percent? (a-1) Choose the correct null and alternative hypotheses. H0: π ≥ .40 vs. H1: π < .40 H0: π ≤ .40 vs. H1: π > .40 H0: π = .40 vs. H1: π ≠ .40 (a-2) Calculate the critical value. (A negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answer to 3 decimal places.) Critical value (a-3) Calculate the test statistic. (A negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your…To combat antibiotic resistance, the Quality Improvement Consortium recommends a throat swab to confirm strep throat before a physician prescribes antibiotics to children under age 5. Nationally, 40 percent of children under 5 who received antibiotics did not have a throat swab. The Colorado Department of Health took a random sample of 100 children under the age of 5 who received antibiotics for throat infections and found that 30 did not have a throat swab. At α = .05, is this a statistically significant reduction over last year’s national rate of 40 percent? (a-1) Choose the correct null and alternative hypotheses. H0: π ≥ .40 vs. H1: π < .40 H0: π ≤ .40 vs. H1: π > .40 H0: π = .40 vs. H1: π ≠ .40 (a-2) Calculate the critical value. (A negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answer to 3 decimal places.) Critical value (a-3) Calculate the test statistic. (A negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your…A consumer group is investigating a producer of diet meals to examine if its prepackaged meals actually contain the advertised 6 ounces of protein in each package. Based on the following data, is there any evidence that the meals do not contain the advertised amount of protein? Run the appropriate test at a 5% level of
- To combat antibiotic resistance, the Quality Improvement Consortium recommends a throat swab to confirm strep throat before a physician prescribes antibiotics to children under age 5. Nationally, 40 percent of children under 5 who received antibiotics did not have a throat swab. The Colorado Department of Health took a random sample of 60 children under the age of 5 who received antibiotics for throat infections and found that 18 did not have a throat swab. At α = .05, is this a statistically significant reduction over last year’s national rate of 40 percent? (a-1) Calculate the critical value. (A negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answer to 3 decimal places.) Critical value _____ (a-2) Calculate the test statistic. (A negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Test statistic _____Researchers interested in lead exposure due to car exhaust sampled the blood of 52 police officers subjected to constant inhalation of automobile exhaust fumes while working traffic enforcement in a primarily urban environment. The blood samples of these officers had an average lead concentration of 124.32 µg/l and an SD of 37.74 µg/l; a previous study of individuals from a nearby suburb, with no history of exposure, found an average blood level concentration of 35 µg/l. Write down the hypotheses that would be appropriate for testing if the police officers appear to have been exposed to a higher concentration of lead. Explicitly state and check all conditions necessary for inference on these data. Test the hypothesis that the downtown police officers have a higher lead exposure than the group in the previous study. Interpret your results in context. Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for the average blood concentration…The table below shows the estimated vaccination coverage of adolescents aged 13-17 years, as reported in national surveys in 2020 and 2021. Vaccine Percent vaccinated (95% CI) Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine) 2020: 90.1 (89.2–90.9) 2021: 89.6 (88.6–90.5) MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine) 2020: 92.4 (91.6–93.2) 2021: 92.2 (91.2–93.2) HPV (human papillomavirus vaccine) 2020: 58.6 (57.3–60.0) 2021: 61.7 (60.2–63.2) Answer these: a. For which vaccine(s) was there a statistically significant change in coverage from 2020 to 2021? For each, note whether it was a statistically significant increase or decrease? b. For which vaccine(s) was there no significant change in coverage from 2020 to 2021?
- A poll of 700 frequent and occasional fliers found that 450 respondents favored a ban on cellphones in flight, even if technology permits it. At α = .05, can we conclude that morethan half the sampled population supports a ban?Two rival manufacturers of penlight batteries claimed that their product lasts longer than the other. Thirty samples of Brand A and thirty-four of Brand B were tested. The following are the lengths of lives of such batteries recorded in hours. Use . Brand A384142363941433536384239404344 354039374042443837414038424541 Brand B3840414339414043393840434439404142 3940454038424140363741424036384140 A teacher wants to find out if there is a significant difference in the academic performance of two groups of students. One group meets thrice a week while the other meets twice a week. Below are the final exam scores of the two groups. Use . 3x/wk8085747565668077759566557985 2x/wk669887848556592553456652A study was conducted to examine if children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had higher prenatal exposure to air pollution, specifically particulate matter < 2.5 g in diameter (PM2.5). Researchers obtained birth records of all children born in Los Angeles between 2000 and 2008 and linked these to the Department of Developmental Services records to determine if any of those subjects had been diagnosed with ASD or not. They used the birth addresses given in the birth records to determine the average daily PM2.5 for the third trimester for each child. The standard deviation for PM2.5 among ASD subjects was found to be 34.6 and for non-ASD subjects was 16.8. Assume PM2.5 is normally distributed. 4a. What was the study design? * Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) * Case Report * Nested Case-Control Study * Case-Control Study * cross-sectional study Cohort Study 4B. What are the null and alternative hypotheses? 4c. What type of statistical test would you use to analyze the…