In sample Prob. 8.02, Which quantityremains unchanged if we choose differentreference frames?a. potential energy,Ub. change in potential energy, delta(U)c. origind. kinetic energy, KEe. velocity, v Sample Problem 8.02 Choosing reference level for gravitational potential energy, slothHere is an example with this lesson plan: Generally you canchoose any level to be the reference level, but once chosen,be consistent. A 2.0 kg sloth hangs 5.0 m above the ground(Fig. 8-6).the ground, (3) at the limb, and (4) 1.0 m above the limb?Take the gravitational potential energy to be zero at y = 0.KEY IDEA(a) What is the gravitational potential energy U of thesloth-Earth system if we take the reference point y = 0 to be(1) at the ground, (2) at a balcony floor that is 3.0 m aboveOnce we have chosen the reference point for y = 0, we cancalculate the gravitational potential energy U of the systemrelative to that reference point with Eq.8-9.Calculations: For choice (1) the sloth is at y = 5.0 m, andU = mgy = (2.0 kg)(9.8 m/s²)(5.0 m)= 98 J.(Answer)For the other choices, the values of U are(2) U= mgy = mg(2.0 m) = 39 J,(3) U = mgy = mg(0) = 0 J.(4) U= mgy = mg(-1.0 m)= -19.6 J = -20 J.10-2-3(Answer)(b) The sloth drops to the ground. For each choice of refer-ence point, what is the change AU in the potential energy ofthe sloth-Earth system due to the fall?KEY IDEAThe change in potential energy does not depend on thechoice of the reference point for y = 0; instead, it dependson the change in height Ay.-3-5-6Calculation: For all four situations, we have the same Ay =-5.0 m. Thus, for (1) to (4). Eq. 8-7 tells us that(1)(2)(3)(4)Figure 8-6 Four choices of reference point y = 0. Each y axis is markedin units of meters. The choice affects the value of the potential energyU of the sloth-Earth system. However, it does not affect the changeAU in potential energy of the system if the sloth moves by, say, fallingAU=mg Ay (2.0 kg)(9.8 m/s )(-5.0 m)-98 J.(Answer)

The potential energy = m×g×h where m is the mass g is the acceleration due to gravity h is the…

Answered: In sample Prob. 8.02, Which quantity…

In sample Prob. 8.02, Which quantity remains unchanged if we choose different reference frames? a. potential energy, U b. change in potential energy, delta(U) C. origin d. kinetic energy, KE

Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text

5th Edition

ISBN:9781133104261

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter9: Relativity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 35P

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Relativistic Energy and Momentum

According to classical physics, time flow is the same for every observer. But according to einstein's theory, time flow is different for different observers. The idea that time flow is not the same for all may sound strange because we may not experience this effect in everyday life. This effect is only observed when an object moves with some velocity comparable to the velocity of light. This velocity is termed relativistic velocity.

Question

In sample Prob. 8.02, Which quantity
remains unchanged if we choose different
reference frames?
a. potential energy,
U
b. change in potential energy, delta(U)
c. origin
d. kinetic energy, KE
e. velocity, v

Sample Problem 8.02 Choosing reference level for gravitational potential energy, sloth
Here is an example with this lesson plan: Generally you can
choose any level to be the reference level, but once chosen,
be consistent. A 2.0 kg sloth hangs 5.0 m above the ground
(Fig. 8-6).
the ground, (3) at the limb, and (4) 1.0 m above the limb?
Take the gravitational potential energy to be zero at y = 0.
KEY IDEA
(a) What is the gravitational potential energy U of the
sloth-Earth system if we take the reference point y = 0 to be
(1) at the ground, (2) at a balcony floor that is 3.0 m above
Once we have chosen the reference point for y = 0, we can
calculate the gravitational potential energy U of the system
relative to that reference point with Eq.8-9.
Calculations: For choice (1) the sloth is at y = 5.0 m, and
U = mgy = (2.0 kg)(9.8 m/s²)(5.0 m)
= 98 J.
(Answer)
For the other choices, the values of U are
(2) U= mgy = mg(2.0 m) = 39 J,
(3) U = mgy = mg(0) = 0 J.
(4) U= mgy = mg(-1.0 m)
= -19.6 J = -20 J.
10
-2
-3
(Answer)
(b) The sloth drops to the ground. For each choice of refer-
ence point, what is the change AU in the potential energy of
the sloth-Earth system due to the fall?
KEY IDEA
The change in potential energy does not depend on the
choice of the reference point for y = 0; instead, it depends
on the change in height Ay.
-3
-5
-6
Calculation: For all four situations, we have the same Ay =
-5.0 m. Thus, for (1) to (4). Eq. 8-7 tells us that
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Figure 8-6 Four choices of reference point y = 0. Each y axis is marked
in units of meters. The choice affects the value of the potential energy
U of the sloth-Earth system. However, it does not affect the change
AU in potential energy of the system if the sloth moves by, say, falling
AU=mg Ay (2.0 kg)(9.8 m/s )(-5.0 m)
-98 J.
(Answer)

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