In the circular flow of payments model of the macroeconomy, ... households receive income from firms and the government. They also purchase goods and services from firms, and they pay taxes to the government. households receive payments from firms and the government for goods and services. They also pay wages, dividends, interest, and rents to firms as well as taxes to the government. governments are in charge of directing the production and consumption decisions of both firms and households; without this central direction, neither firms nor households would be able to allocate their scarce resources productively. foreign firms, households, and governments are unimportant.
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- Consider a macroeconomy where the current population is 800 thousand people. Gross domestic private investment is constant $2500 million while consumer expenditure is described by the equation: C = 580 +0.8DI. The government is fairly active, with a total expenditure of $2000 million andnet taxes of $2550 million. Further investigation of the macroeconomy reveals that imports are constant at $3000 million while exports are constant at $2500 million. Currently, the overall price level (GDP deflator) is 118 and the potental GDP level is $13.5 billion.(Question4 of 7)Now, consider that the government decreases taxes by 7.5%. While the change had a direct impact on the economy, other market conditions led to an unanticipated change in the economy. Specifically, imports decrease by 7.5%. At the same time, given the birth rate, mortality rate, and net migration, the economy experienced a 0% change in its population.1. As a result of these events, what is the current equilibrium level of GDP?…One indicator of an efficient macro allocation is the output valuenational economy produced in a certain period. This is because the amount of national output can indicate several important things in a national economy, including those related to the productivity of a country and how efficient the resources are in the economy to produce goods and services. In connection with this: a. Explain 3 methods of calculating national income. b. Explain why the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of developing countries is greater than the Gross National Product (GNP)!Suppose the government increases expenditure towards education and training programs. The intended effect at the macroeconomic level would be? a.To increase net exports, which in turn increases GDP. b.To increase government spending, which in turn increases GDP. c.To increase consumption, which in turn increases GDP. d.To increase private investment today, which in turn increases GDP.
- Which one of the following statements is FALSE? (a) There are four broad groups of decision‐making units in the economy:households, firms, government and the foreign sector;(b) Savings are an important injection into the circular flow of income andspending in the economy;(c) Taxes are a leakage or withdrawal from the flow of income and spending in the economy;(d) Spending by households on consumer goods and services is calledconsumption spending.You have been appointed chief economist of a small economy of Uhuru. Use the information below which relates to Uhuru in 2020 and answer the questions that follow: National Income Accounting Totals in Uhuru for 2020 R (millions) Consumption 86 495 Gross Capital Formation 9 897 Government spending 12 458 Net exports 8 891 Primary income payments to the rest of the world 2 154 Primary income receipts 924 Consumption of fixed capital 165 Subsidies 325 Taxes 467 q.3.5 Outline the five main macroeconomic objectives that the South African government strives to achieve.Which of the following best describes the role of households and firms in the circular flow model of the economy? Firms provide households with factors of production in exchange for money; households provide firms with goods and services in exchange for money Households provide firms with factors of production in exchange for goods and services Households supply the factors of production to firms in exchange for money; firms supply goods and services to households in exchange for money Firms and households exchange money with one another in the pursuit of higher incomes and profits
- The equations below describe the aggregate demand of an economy. There are neither a flow of goods and services nor capital across borders of this country. Y=C +I +G………. (1) C=Co+C(Y^d)……. (2) Y^d= Y-T…………. (3) T=t(Y) ……………. (4) I=Io+I(r)………… (5) G=Go……………... (6) M=PL(r,Y)……… (7) where Y is gross real domestic product, C is aggregate consumption expenditure by households, I is aggregate investment expenditure by firms, is government purchases of goods and services, Y^d is disposable personal income, and T is total income tax payments to government by…The equations below describe the aggregate demand of an economy. There are neither a flow of goods and services nor capital across borders of this country. Y=C +I +G………. (1) C=Co+C(Y^d)……. (2) Y^d= Y-T…………. (3) T=t(Y) ……………. (4) I=Io+I(r)………… (5) G=Go……………... (6) M=PL(r,Y)……… (7) where Y is gross real domestic product, C is aggregate consumption expenditure by households, I is aggregate investment expenditure by firms, is government purchases of goods and services, Y^d is disposable personal income, and T is total income tax payments to government by…In the context of the circular flow model of the economy, which of the following best describes the relationshipbetween households, businesses, and the government?A. Households earn income by buying goods and services in the product market, spend that incomeon businesses, and pay taxes to the government, which then uses the revenue to provideresources.B. Households earn income by providing resources, spend that income on goods and services in theproduct market, and pay taxes to the government, which then uses the revenue for public services.C. Households earn income by paying taxes to the government, which then uses that revenue to buygoods and services from businesses, and businesses use the income to pay wages to households.D. Households earn income by providing resources to the government, which then redistributes thatincome among businesses to stimulate production and spending.
- In the long run, the level of national income in an economy is determined by its: Select one: a. factors of production and production function. b. real and nominal interest rate. c. government budget surplus or deficit. d. rate of economic and accounting profit.Position each of the following eight terms in the UK’s circular flow of income diagram below: Consumption (of domestically produced goods and services); Net saving; Net taxation; Government expenditure; Factor payments (national income); Expenditure on imports; Investment; Expenditure on exports. Economists use specific letters to label each of these terms. The letters used are: S, G, X, M, I, Cd, T, Y Attach the correct letter to each of the terms you have written on the diagram.Consider an economy that produces two goods, an agricultural good and a manufacturing good. An amount YA of the agricultural good can be produced using the following equation: YA = LA where LA is the amount of labor used in this sector. An amount of YM of the manufacturing good can be produced using the following equation: YM = KθLM 1-θ where K is capital stock and LM is the amount of labor used in such sector. So, this economy’s total output (i.e. GDP) is: Y = YA + YM. This economy has zero population growth rate (i.e. n = 0) and the depreciation rate is δ. The total number of workers in the economy is L and of course, L = LM + LA. Let P = LA/L. Furthermore, define: y = Y/L, k = K/L and c = C/L. As usual, we have: ∆k = sy – (δ+n)k. Please use the above information to derive the key equation for this version of Solow model. Show the steady state of the economy is a diagram with k as the x-axes. Label k* , y* and c* in your diagram.