In the model of statistical discrimination in which both groups have the same average productivity, O a. the group facing discrimination earns lower wages. O b. the group facing discrimination experiences no wage penalty. O c. the group facing discrimination earns higher wages. O d. the group facing discrimination earns a lower return from increasing the value of the signal. O e. the group facing discrimination earns a higher return from increasing the value of the signal.
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- a. Suppose a restaurant hires only women to wait on tables, and only men to cook the food and clean the dishes. Is this most likely to be indicative of employer, employee, consumer, or statistical discrimination? b. The dropout rate of minority and international students at U.S. colleges and universities is higher than it is for white American students. Suppose you strongly believe this is due to discrimination. Is the empirical pattern most likely indicative of employer (college administrations), employee (college faculty and staff), consumer (students), or statistical discrimination?14.ASsume the labor force is made up of 40% women and 60% men. If 40% of all manufacturing jobsare held by women and 90% of the highest-paying management and executive level jobs inManufatacturing are held by men, then, with respect to the manufacturing sector, it can be said that: multiple choiceO.a. there is no horizontal occupational segregation but there is vertical occupational segregation. O.b. there is both horizontal and vertical occupational segregation.O.c. there is no sex-based discrimination in entry-level By solving it for 'r' through hit and trial method, the required interest rate can be found.positions but there is sex-based discriminationin management level positions.O.d. there is no sex-based discrimination in management positions but there is sex-baseddiscrimination in executive level positions.16) If labour market discrimination crowds women into a limited number ofoccupations so that the number of occupations available to men increases, then(a) the wages of men will be lower, but the marginal productivity of men will be higherthan it otherwise would be.(b) both the wages and the marginal productivity of men will be higher than theyotherwise would be.(c) both the wages and the marginal productivity of men will be lower than theyotherwise would be.(d) wages of men will be higher, but the marginal productivity of men will be lowerthan it otherwise would be.
- There are 81 white seniors graduating from high school and 27 black seniors. a. All of the students with high school degrees apply to UW – Milwaukee. The admissions office looks at their records, and finds that 30% of black students drop out after the first year, compared to 15% of white students. If they have 85 openings, how many of each type of student should the admissions office hire to maximize their graduation rate? b. Suppose there is no difference in graduation rates between black and white students. However, the admissions office wants students who will get good grades. They don’t have access to grade histories of different students, but they can see that all 26 of the 27 black applicants went to high school in Milwaukee, whereas 70 of the 81 white applicants went to schools in the suburbs. The schools in the suburbs have very good academic ratings, whereas the schools in Milwaukee do not. If they have 85 openings, how many of each type of student should the admissions…8 1. In what sense is education a type of capital? 2. What conditions lead to highly compensated superstars? Would you expect to see superstars in dentistry? In music? Explain. 3. Give an example of how discrimination might persist in a competitive market.At the bottom of the page, complete the labor demand table for a fifirm that is hiring labor competitively and selling its product in a competitive market.a. How many workers will the firm hire if the market wage rate is $27.95? $19.95? Explain why the firm will not hire a larger or smaller number of units of labor at each of these wage rates.b. Show in schedule form and graphically the labor demand curve of this firm.c. Now again determine the firm’s demand curve for labor, assuming that it is selling in an imperfectly competitive market and that, although it can sell 17 units at $2.20 per unit, it must lower product price by 5 cents in order to sell the marginal product of each successive labor unit. Compare this demand curve with that derived in question 2b (part b of this question). Which curve is more elastic? Explain.
- Paying soldiers more who are in combat zones is an example of? O wage discrimination O compensating differentials O human capital effect O segmented market effect.Suppose that education is the only factor that affects productivity and that an additional year of education raises wages by 2%. Suppose in 2011 gender wage gap was 13%, and the average man had 15 years of education while the average women had 14 years of schooling. a) Using the wage gap decomposition technique, calculate how much of the 13% wage differential is due to discrimination? b) Now suppose in 2021 the gender wage gap is 10%, but the average woman’s education level is increased to 17 year and the average man’s education increases to16 years. (Assume that the return to education stays same at 2%), Was there a decrease or an increase in wage discrimination in the decade? Why?Alternative explanations of wage disparities Suppose that a labour economist finds that one of her research subjects has earned significantly higher wages throughout his lifetime than would be predicted by standard measured variables. The economist also noted that each of the subject's positions was found through connections at his family's exclusive country club. Which one of the following most likely explains this person's unusually high earnings? a) Effort b) Compensating differentials c) Chance d) Efficiency wages Suppose that Frances receives higher pay at her workplace than her colleagues do, even though they perform essentially the same type of work. If Frances's productivity is about 25% higher than that of each of her colleagues, which of the following wage concepts can explain this wage disparity? Check all that apply. a) Efficiency wages b)The superstar phenomenon c) Discrimination d) Human capital e)…
- Provide ONE labor demand-side reason that would explain why equilibrium wage (W*) rates in two different labor markets(i.e., occupations), might be moving in opposite directions— one rising quickly while the other is falling, widening disparities in worker earnings. Then, provide a role for “compensating wage differentials” or for “efficiency wages” to explain this widening disparity.This question has to do with earnings inequality.a. In class we discussed several reasons why earnings inequality has changed over time.One of those reasons was changing volatility. What is earnings volatility and how has itchanged over time for men? How much of the increase in male earnings inequality isexplained by earnings volatility? Why can changes in volatility not be relied upon as themain reason as to why inequality has increased overall in the US?b. The Gini coefficient, the 90/10 ratio, and the 50/10 ratio ignore relative intragenerationalmobility. What is relative intragenerational mobility? Does this type of mobility tend toenhance or mitigate measures of earnings inequality? Explain your answer.Consider the representative consumer who decides consumption and leisure. Theenvironment is the same as in Lecture 5. Keep the same notation. The preference is givenby U (C,L) = αln C + (1 −α) ln L. Assume h = 1, i.e., the time endowment is one day.(a) Write down the utility maximization problem.(b) Derive the demand for consumption and the supply for labour.(c) Suppose the non-wage income π −T increases while the wage rate w falls at the sametime. The size of the changes can be different. Determine the effects on consumptiondemand and labour supply (i.e., leisure demand). Use the indifference map to explainyour results in terms of income and substitution effects for the following cases:(i) The increase in π −T exactly cancels out the drop in w, i.e., |∆ (π −T)|= |∆w|.(ii) The increase in π −T is greater than the drop in w, i.e., |∆ (π −T)|> |∆w|.(iii) The increase in π −T is smaller than the drop in w, i.e., |∆ (π −T)|< |∆w|.(d) Suppose the utility function is Cobb-Douglas: U…