Figure Al Wage MC $30 $23 $16 $12 8 11 13 Labor Refer to Figure A1. If the government set a minimum wage of $15 an hour, what could the level of employment be? O 13 8 10 O 1 00
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- Supply of construction workers in a small town is given by Qs = 4W- 20, and demand for construction workers is given by Qd 100-2W, where Q is the number of workers and W is the hourly wage. The town government imposes a tax of $1 per hour per construction worker. What percentage of the tax will construction workers end uppaying?OA. 50%O B. 60%OC. 75 %OD. 33%The way the workers’ compensation system works now, employees permanently injured on the jobreceive a payment of $X each year whether they work or not. Suppose the government were toimplement a new program in which those who did not work at all got $0.5X but those who did work got$0.5X plus workers’ compensation of 50 cents for every hour worked (of course, this subsidy would bein addition to the wages paid by their employers). What would be the change in work incentivesassociated with this change in the way workers’ compensation payments are calculated?(5) Steven has non-labor income each week of $500. He can work up to 100 hours per week foran hourly wage of $10 per hour. His utility for recreation (R) and consumption (C) is given byU(R, C) = 2R2C. What is Steven’s reservation wage if the price of consumption is unity?(a) $30(b) $40(c) $50(d) $60(e) None of the above
- Suppose Jenny has 16 hours per day to allocate between work and leisure and she earns a wage rate of $25 per hour. If at the utility-maximizing level of employment (i.e., MRSy; = w), Jenny's MUy is 20 utils, what is her MUl? O A. 1.25 utils O B. 0.8 utils O C. 500 utils O D. Cannot be determined with the information provided.Suppose that Congress passes a law requiringemployers to provide employees some benefit (suchas healthcare) that raises the cost of an employee by$4 per hour.a. What effect does this employer mandate haveon the demand for labor? (In answering this andthe following questions, be quantitative whenyou can.)b. If employees place a value on this benefit exactlyequal to its cost, what effect does this employermandate have on the supply of labor?c. If the wage can freely adjust to balance supply anddemand, how does this law affect the wage andthe level of employment? Are employers better orworse off? Are employees better or worse off?d. Suppose that, before the mandate, the wage in thismarket was $3 above the minimum wage. In thiscase, how does the employer mandate affect thewage, the level of employment, and the level ofunemployment?e. Now suppose that workers do not value themandated benefit at all. How does this alternativeassumption change your answers to parts(b) and (c)?Wmin Wage w W 9p minimum wage equilibrium wage Quantity q qs S Assume Qd=10, Q*=15, Qs=20, W*=$8, and Wmin-$16. Due to the implementation of the new minimum wage... O a. The number of people unemployed in this market would rise from 0 to 10. O b. The number of people unemployed in this market would rise from 15 to 20. O c. Companies are unable to fill 10 new vacancies. O d. Companies are unable to fill 5 new vacancies.
- One proposal for reforming the welfare system is to create a negative income tax. Under the negative income tax, each person is entitled to a grant of G dollars permonth. For every dollar the person earns, the grant is reduced by t dollars. a. Suppose G = 200 and t = 0.40. Consider an individual whose hourly wage = $10. There are 30 days in a month, so the total allotment of T = 720. Sketch the budgetconstraint before and after the introduction of the negative income tax. b. Would people work more or less with the implementation of this system? c. What if t = 100%? Explain!This question has to do with the minimum wage serving as an anti-poverty program. a. What percentage of a minimum wage increase goes to families below the poverty linenow versus in the 1990s? Why has this changed over the years? Make sure to use exactnumbers in your answer. b. Explain why families below the poverty line receive less than 100% of a minimum wageincrease. c. Jason is employed, earns the federal minimum wage, works 25 hours per week, works 52weeks per year, is single, and has no children. Given these numbers, Jason would bebelow the federal poverty line. Assume the federal minimum wage increases to $15 andJason continues to work 25 hours per week for 52 weeks per year. The large increase inJason’s earnings places him above the poverty line. Describe how it can be true thatJason’s earnings increase significantly, yet his total income (which is income from allsources combined) might be the same as it was before the minimum wage increase.Under what Circumstances would a minimum wage be a nonbinding price floor? Under what circumstances would a living wage be a binding price floor?
- Imagine that the government reworks the welfare policy that was affecting Jonathan in question 1, so that for each dollar someone like Jonathan earns at work, his government benefits diminish by only 30 cents. Reconstruct the table from question 1 to account for this change in policy. Draw Jonathans labor-leisure opportunity sets, both for before this welfare program is enacted and after it is enacted.Table 4.6 shows the amount of savings and barrowing in a market for loans lo purchase homes, measured in millions of dollars, at various interest rates. What is the equilibrium interest rate and quantity in the capital financial market? How can you tell? Now, imagine that because of a shift in the perceptions of foreign investors, the supply curve shifts so that there will be 10 million less supplied at every interest rate. Calculate the new equilibrium interest rate and quantity, and explain why the direction of the interest tale shift makes intuitive sense.True or False. Explain why. Deniz’s preferences for consumption and leisure is as follows:U(C,L)=C2LDeniz has 100 hours in the week available to split between work and leisure. She earns $10 per hour after taxes. She also receives $260 worth of welfare benefits each week. Deniz’s optimal amount of leisure time will be 45 whereas labour supply will be 55.