In this experiment, what is(are) the control, independant and dependent factor(s)? Suppose that researchers wanted to examine the combined effects of an introduced predator (a trout) and the trematode parasite Ribeiroia on amphibian populations. To do this, theyestablished frog populations in each of 40 artificial ponds. Each pond was assigned at random to one of four treatments (10 ponds per treatment): 1) neither trout or parasites were addedto the pond (the "No trout, no parasite" treatment); 2) no trout were added but parasites were added ("No trout, parasite added"); 3) trout were added but parasites were not added ("Troutadded, no parasite"); and 4) both trout and parasites were added ("Trout added, parasite added"). Each pond contained refugia where tadpoles could avoid attack by trout, to avoid fishpredators driving frog populations to extinction in an artificial pond, unlike what typically occurs in a natural pond. After two breeding seasons, the researchers estimated the density offrogs in each pond. The results are shown in the table and the figure.TreatmentNo trout, no parasiteNo trout, parasite addedTrout added, no parasiteTrout added, parasiteaddedAverage frog density(per 10 m² of pond surface area)200180160140120100806040200Average frog density (per10 m² of pond surfacearea)180.2111.4125.814.3No trout,Trout added,No trout,Trout added,no parasite parasite added no parasite parasite addedTreatmentUse the information above to answer this question and the following questions. Independent of any possible effects of parasites, estimate the reduction in frogdensity caused by the addition of trouts.180.2 - 111.4 68.8 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area180.2 - 125.8 = 54.4 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area180.2 - 14.3=165.9 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area(180.2 + 125.8)/2-(111.4 +14.3)/2 = 27.3 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area

Let no trout, no parasite as pond 1 no trout, parasite as pond 2 trout, no parasite as pond 3…

Independent of any possible effects of parasites, estimate the reduction in frog density caused by the addition of trouts. 180.2 - 111.4 = 68.8 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area 180.2 - 125.8= 54.4 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area 180.2 - 14.3 = 165.9 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area (180.2 + 125.8)/2-(111.4 +14.3)/2 = 27.3 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area

Independent of any possible effects of parasites, estimate the reduction in frog density caused by the addition of trouts. 180.2 - 111.4 = 68.8 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area 180.2 - 125.8= 54.4 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area 180.2 - 14.3 = 165.9 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area (180.2 + 125.8)/2-(111.4 +14.3)/2 = 27.3 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter54: Community Ecology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 17TYU: INTERPRET DATA Examine the top and middle graphs in Figure 54-5. Are these examples of exponential...

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