Information concerning a product produced by Ender Company appears here: 2$ %24 165 Sales price per unit Variable cost per unit Total annual fixed manufacturing and operating 94 $482,800 costs Required Determine the following: a. Contribution margin per unit. b. Number of units that Ender must sell to break even. c. Sales level in units that Ender must reach to earn a profit of $127,800. d. Determine the margin of safety in units, sales dollars, and as a percentage.
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit
Break-even units = Fixed cost/Contribution margin per unit
Units required to earn target profit = (Target profit + Fixed cost)/Contribution margin per unit
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