Is co-variance a measure of relative risk, or absolute risk? A relative risk, because it is linked with the performance(s) other assetts). B absolute risk, because it is not linked with the performance(s) other asset(s). © relative risk, because it measures the co-movement of two assets. (D absolute risk, though it measures the co-movement of two assets.
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- The application which provides a way of revising conditional probabilities by using available information and provisions for revising conditional probabilities with other information that is useful for management decision making is called? Select one: a. Bayes’ theorem. b. overinvolvement ratios. c. probability rules. d. empirical formula.Beta and volatility differ as risk measures in that beta measures only non‑systematic risk, while volatility measures total risk. True FalseExercise 3: Risky Investment Charlie has von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function u(x) = ln x and has wealth W = 250, 000. She is offered the opportunity to purchase a risky project for price P = 160, 000. 1 1 With probability p = 2 the project will be a success and return V > 160, 000. With probability 1 −p = 2 the project will fail and be worthless (i.e. it returns 0). For simplicity assume there is no interest between the time of the investment and the time of its return, that is r = 0 . How large must V be in order for Charlie to want to purchase the risky project? [Hint: What is Charlie’s expected utility is she does not purchase the project? What is Charlie’s expected utility is she purchases the project?]
- Find the values of Absolute Risk Aversion (ARA) and Relative Risk Aversion (RRA) for all the cases below. . U(C) = C0.5. . U(C) = C2. . U(C) = 5×C. . U(C) = -C-2. . U(C) = -C-7. . U(C) = -e-7C. . U(C) = [1/(1-a)]×C1-a , where a is a constant.A risk-averse investor will: Answer a. Always accept a greater risk with a greater expected return b. Only invest in assets providing certain returns c. Sometimes accept a lower expected return if it means less ri d. Never accept lower risk if it means accepting a lower expected returnExplain the relationship between U" >0 and risk aversion.
- Explain why the variance of an investment is a useful measure of the risk associated with itMf. Mean variance utility defines risk using certainty equivalent wealth. The lower the certainty equivalent wealth, the lower the mean variance utility. uestion Select one: O True O False Under constant relative risk aversion, the lower the certainty equivalent wealth is than the average wealth of a lottery the riskier the lottery. Select one: O True O False Given a normally distributed risky asset and a risk free asset, a person with a lower CRRA risk aversion coefficient will put less in the risk free asset than a person with a higher CRRA risk aversion. Select one: O True O False Greater risk aversion means a plot of utility vs. wealth would look less curved. Select one: O True O False The greater the wealth, the less the utility of the next dollar of wealth. Select one: O True O False People don't like risk because it means they get poorer when they're poorer and richer when they're rich. In fact, a financial security…A risk-averse investor will: a. Always accept a greater risk with a greater expected return b. Only invest in assets providing certain returns c. Sometimes accept a lower expected return if it means less ri d. Never accept lower risk if it means accepting a lower expected return
- 1. The old adage “time is money” comes into play here, too, as saving time is often tantamount to reducing costs. (10 sentences) 2. Downside of cost cutting or cost minimization (10 sentences) 3. What is Budget Vs. Actual? Why is it Important? What Causes the Variance? What is the implication of having a good variance-analysis in the company? (10 sentences)You plan to invest $1,000 in a corporate bond fund or in a common stock fund. The following table represents the annual return (per $1,000) of each of these investments under various economic conditions and the probability that each of those economic conditions will occur. Compute the expected return for the corporate bond and for the common stock fund. Show your calculations on excel for expected returns. Compute the standard deviation for the corporate bond fund and for the common stock fund. Would you invest in the corporate bond fund or the common stock fund? Explain. If choose to invest in the common stock fund and in (c), what do you think about the possibility of losing $999 of every $1,000 invested if there is depression. Explain.A pension fund manager is considering three mutual funds. The first is a stock fund, the second is a long-term government and corporate bond, and the third is a T-bill money market fund that yields a rate of 8%. The mean and the standard deviation of the risky funds is as follows: Expected Return Standard Deviation Stock fund (S) 20% 30% Bond fund (B) 12% 15% The correlation between the fund returns is 0.10. Your client’s degree of risk aversion is A = 3.5. Given the utility function: U = E(r) - 1/2 A Sigma^2 What proportion, y, of the total investment should be invested in the tangency portfolio so that your client can maximize his/her expected utility? What is the expected value and standard deviation of the rate of return on your client’s optimized portfolio?