Is the following statement consistent with the provided data? Answer TRUE if the statement is consistent with the data.Answer FALSE if the statement is not consistent with the data. 1. The evolution of freeze tolerance involves some factors that were not shaped directly by natural selection.2. Because of their freeze tolerance, wood frogs may colonise more of the remainder of the island of Newfoundland than the leopard frog.3. The distribution of the wood frog and leopard frog supports character displacement as a plausible hypothesis for why they overlap. CWood FrogBullfrog1Green frogMink frogLeopard FrogAmerican toadFowler's toadSpring peeperChorus frogGray tree frog= overlap of two species (both species here)Isotherm of -6.6 °CHistorical averageyearly temperatureChurchillNewfoundlandFigure 1. Mitochondrial phylogeny of the frogs of Ontario alongside a map of North America showing theoverlapping distribution of the leopard frog (orange) and the wood frog (purple). Both species of frogsexist in the area in yellow. The red line is the isotherm that delimits an historical mean averagetemperature of -6 °C. A study by Costanzo et al. (1993) compared the freeze-tolerant wood frog and the freeze-intolerantleopard frog. Here is the full summary as it appears on the article that was published:SUMMARYFreeze tolerance in the wood frog is promoted by multiple, integrated physiological responses to iceforming within body tissues. By analyzing the freezing responses of the sympatric, but freeze intolerant,leopard frog, we sought clues to the evolution of anuran freeze tolerance. Physiological responses criticalto the wood frog's freeze tolerance, such as the synthesis and distribution of the cryoprotectant glucose,protective dehydration of organs, and deferred cardiac failure, were present, but comparatively lesspronounced, in leopard frogs. Both species were innately tolerant of hyperglycemia. Glucosesupplements did not enhance the freezing viability of leopard frogs, although in vitro tests ofcryoprotectant efficacy revealed that glucose and glycerol provided comparable protection toerythrocytes of both species. We conclude that the evolution of freeze tolerance in the wood frog is notonly promoted by its desiccation tolerance and the fortuitous biophysical consequences of freezing (e.g.,exothermic induction of cardioacceleration and moderation of cooling rate) but also involves aprogressive enhancement of fundamental physiological stress responses.Costanzo et al. found the following:1. Only the wood frog naturally produces ahigh concentration of glucose.2.Both species are able to tolerate very highglucose levels in the lab.3.Experimentally elevating glucose levels inthe leopard frog does not make them freeze-tolerant.The concluding paragraph reads:CONCLUSIONSome factors promoting frog freeze tolerance, such as the exothermy that induces increased heart rateand moderates cooling rate, are merely fortuitous biophysical effects of freezing. Other attributes, suchas high glucose tolerance and cell sensitivity to cryoprotection by glucose, were shared by leopardfrogs and thus may exemplify preadaptations to freeze tolerance. The prominent physiologicaldynamics associated with freezing of wood frogs, such as glucose mobilization and pronounced organdehydration, may represent fundamental stress responses that were enhanced through naturalselection for their current role in promoting freeze tolerance.

Natural selection is one of the most important part of evolution. Sympatric species with similar…

Answered: Is the following statement consistent…

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter24: Systematics And Phylogenetics: Revealing The Tree Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD: The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular...