Is the linear momentum of a system always conserved? Is the angular momentum of a system always conserved? Is the energy of a system always conserved? Does the entropy of a system always increase? If there are exceptions, explain under what conditions they occur, or give a concrete example.

Q: A thermodynamic process occurs with a heat lost by the system. Does the entropy of the system…

A: No beacuse heat loss means increase in entropy according to second law  of thermodynamics.

Q: Universal gas constant, R = 8.3145 J mol=1 K-1 1. The Helmholtz function of a certain gas is given…

A: gas constant= R= 8.3145 Jmol-1K-1 Helmholtz function is given by:

Q: (a) What is the change in entropy if you start with 10 coins in the 5 heads and 5 tails macrostate,…

A: The change in entropy here is

Q: Prove that the entropy of mixing of an ideal mixture has aninfinite slope, when plotted vs. x, at x…

A: The expression for the change in entropy for an ideal gas mixture, ∆Smix=-nR(xln(x)+(1-x)ln(1-x))…

Q: Consider a system with a certain energy content, from which we wish to extract as much work as…

A: Every process carried out is associated with an increase in the entropy and when entropy increases,…

Q: Calculate the absolute entropy of uranium (3.04 J/mol-K) at 20K. Show the complete solution please.…

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Q: For one component gas that is confined in a box with volume V. V We can get the entropy of the gas…

A: Entropy of a gas in statistical approach is given by  S = Nkln(omega) Where, N = total number of…

Q: A gaseous system undergoes a change in temperature and volume. What is the entropy change for a…

A: Say: ω = 1 ω' = 0.587

Q: 1. Show that, when two different gases A and B of volume V and Vg and with N and NR molecules…

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Q: A rigid tank of volume V = 0.02 m3 contains carbon monoxide at a temperature of T0 = 25° C and a…

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Q: 840 g of water (Cp = 4.186 J/g-K) is heated to 94 ⁰C at constant pressure. The resulting change in…

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Q: Suppose there are 10 distinguishable particles in a box divided into two equal compartments, A and…

A: The total number of distinguishable particle is N=10 The initial particles in the compartment A and…

Q: An irreversible process takes place by which the entropy of the universe increases by 1.51 J/K. If…

A: Given data The increase in entropy for the irreversible process is given as ∆s=1.51 J/K. The…

Q: Must asnwer all 3 subparts a,b,c else will downvote 1. An ideal gas sample initially at 25°C and…

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Q: If the entropy of state X of a system is higher than the entropy of state V of the system, what can…

A: As we know that there is always increase in the entropy of the universe.  As the Entropy of state X…

Q: A diatomic ideal gas is brought from an initial equilibrium state at p1 = 0.50 atm and T1 = 300 K to…

A: The initial pressure,   The final pressure,

Q: A litre of water at 20∘C is placed in a fridge at 5∘C. Calculate the change in entropy of the water…

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Q: At either turning point of the oscillation-spring fully compressed or spring fully extended, the…

A: Concept.  total energy of the system remains constant throughout the motion.  In close non…

Q: Experimental measurements of the heat capacity of aluminum at low temperatures (below about 50 K)…

A: Given: Cv = aT+bT3 ,a = 0.00135 J/K2 b = 2.48 X 10-5 J/K4

Q: Take 10^-6 J of heat from a system at a temperature of 300k and add it to a system at 299k. What is…

A: Given data: Heat transferred from source to sink (Q) = 10-6 J Source system temperature (TH) = 300 K…

Q: 2. Helium expands polytropically in a piston-cylinder from an initial pressure and volume of 3800…

A: The equation describing a polytropic process is given by PVn=constant Work done in a polytropic…

Q: On a cold day, 17400 J of heat leaks out of a house. The inside temperature is 24.0° C, and the…

A: Given Data: The amount of heat leaks is, Q=17400 J The inside temperature of the house is, Th=24°C…

Q: Plot the function dS/dT for a two-level system, the temperature coefficient of its entropy, against…

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Q: the entropy of the universe increases by 1.52 J/K. If the temperature of the environment in which…

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Q: Which of the following statements about entropy is correct? Select all that apply: A. Entropy is a…

A: Entropy is state dependent and path independent . And according to 2nd law of thermodynamics , the…

Q: How much heat energy is needed to change the entropy of a macrostate from 10.00 J/K to 10.01 J/K in…

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Q: For the expansion of an ideal gas into a vacuum (system) which of the following will lead to the…

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Q: When an aluminum bar is temporarily connected between a hot reservoir at 725 K and a cold reservoir…

A: Part A:

Q: The number of macroscopically indistinguishable ways in which a certain physical system can be a in…

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Q: 12. For a given macrostate of a system, let P, be the probability that the system is in the…

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Q: "In heating 250 cubic cm of water, you place an electric element in the cup. As the water…

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Q: The entropy on n moles of a monatomic ideal gas is S= (: nR + nR In where Vo, no, and To are…

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Q: you are told that the entropy of a system is zero, what do you know about the system?

A: Zero entropy means perfect knowledge of a state no motion, no temperature, no uncertainty. This…

Q: A cylinder contains one liter of air at room temperature (300 K) and atmospheric pressure (105…

A: Volume of gas in gas cylinder=1L The temperature (T)=300 K. The pressure (P)=105 N/m2. The surface…

Q: A vessel has two identical compartments (e.g. left and right), but gas molecules can go from each…

A: Entropy: A more random and less ordered movement of molecules without set locations or orientations…

Q: Does a gas become more orderly when it liquefies? Does its entropy change? If so, does the entropy…

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Q: What would happen to the entropy of a system if you could increase the pressure without changing the…

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Q: 2. Let A = A(T,V) and G = G(T,p) be thermodynamic state functions with total differentials dA = -SdT…

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Q: (i)One kg of water at 273 K is brought into contact with a heat reservoir at 373 K. When the water…

A: Data Given ,  Mass of water ( m ) = 1 kg Initial temperature ( T1 ) = 273 K Final temperature ( T2 )…

Q: What is the change in entropy of helium gas with total mass 0.140 kg at the normal boiling point of…

A: Given that mass of the helium gas and normal boiling point of helium and Alpha given the heat of…

Q: Polymers, like rubber, are made of very long molecules, usually tangled up in a configuration that…

A: Answer:-               FT= -∂S∂Lu = 1Nl∂S∂xu     = -1NlN kB1+x2-11-x-11+x+12log 1-x1+x+11-x    =…

Q: information provided (image), compare the change in entropy during the isothermal expansion from 1 L…

A: For diatomic ideal gas entropy change is ∆S.

Q: What is entropy of a system? How can second law of thermodynamics be stated in terms of entropy?

A: